Degree Variance and the Fuzzy Sigma Index in Fuzzy Graphs

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Author: Abdullah, Duaa
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Abdullah, Duaa
author_facet Abdullah, Duaa
contents The sigma index of a graph, defined as the population variance of its degree sequence, is a fundamental measure of structural irregularity. In this paper, we introduce and systematically investigate its natural extension to fuzzy graphs, termed the fuzzy sigma index $$ σ^*(Γ) = \frac{1}{n} \sum_{v \in V(Γ)} \left( d_Γ(v) - \frac{2\,\mathrm{ew}}{n}\right)^2, $$ where $d_Γ(v)$ denotes the fuzzy degree of a vertex $v$, and $\mathrm{ew}$ represents the fuzzy size of the fuzzy graph $Γ=(V,ν, μ)$. We establish several fundamental properties of this topological index. In particular, we derive sharp lower and upper bounds. Analyze the behavior of $σ^*(Γ)$ under standard fuzzy graph operations. This work provides a foundation for further study of variance-based topological indices in fuzzy graph theory.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_13113
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Degree Variance and the Fuzzy Sigma Index in Fuzzy Graphs
Abdullah, Duaa
General Mathematics
05C72, 05C07, 05C09, 05C35, 05C76
The sigma index of a graph, defined as the population variance of its degree sequence, is a fundamental measure of structural irregularity. In this paper, we introduce and systematically investigate its natural extension to fuzzy graphs, termed the fuzzy sigma index $$ σ^*(Γ) = \frac{1}{n} \sum_{v \in V(Γ)} \left( d_Γ(v) - \frac{2\,\mathrm{ew}}{n}\right)^2, $$ where $d_Γ(v)$ denotes the fuzzy degree of a vertex $v$, and $\mathrm{ew}$ represents the fuzzy size of the fuzzy graph $Γ=(V,ν, μ)$. We establish several fundamental properties of this topological index. In particular, we derive sharp lower and upper bounds. Analyze the behavior of $σ^*(Γ)$ under standard fuzzy graph operations. This work provides a foundation for further study of variance-based topological indices in fuzzy graph theory.
title Degree Variance and the Fuzzy Sigma Index in Fuzzy Graphs
topic General Mathematics
05C72, 05C07, 05C09, 05C35, 05C76
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.13113