Targeted search for eccentric supermassive binary black holes in OJ 287 and nearby galaxy clusters with PPTA DR3

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Main Authors: Zhao, Shi-Yi, Zhu, Xingjiang, Tremblay, Jacob Cardinal, Chen, Yiqin, Curyło, Małgorzata, Dai, Shi, Di Marco, Valentina, Gitika, Pratyasha, Hobbs, George, Ho, Simon C. -C., Hu, Xiao-Song, Kapur, Agastya, Ling, Wenhua, Manchester, Richard N., Mishra, Saurav, Reardon, Daniel J., Russell, Christopher J., Shannon, Ryan M., Tomson, Sharon Mary, Wang, Jingbo, Wang, Shuangqiang, Zic, Andrew
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Zhao, Shi-Yi
Zhu, Xingjiang
Tremblay, Jacob Cardinal
Chen, Yiqin
Curyło, Małgorzata
Dai, Shi
Di Marco, Valentina
Gitika, Pratyasha
Hobbs, George
Ho, Simon C. -C.
Hu, Xiao-Song
Kapur, Agastya
Ling, Wenhua
Manchester, Richard N.
Mishra, Saurav
Reardon, Daniel J.
Russell, Christopher J.
Shannon, Ryan M.
Tomson, Sharon Mary
Wang, Jingbo
Wang, Shuangqiang
Zic, Andrew
author_facet Zhao, Shi-Yi
Zhu, Xingjiang
Tremblay, Jacob Cardinal
Chen, Yiqin
Curyło, Małgorzata
Dai, Shi
Di Marco, Valentina
Gitika, Pratyasha
Hobbs, George
Ho, Simon C. -C.
Hu, Xiao-Song
Kapur, Agastya
Ling, Wenhua
Manchester, Richard N.
Mishra, Saurav
Reardon, Daniel J.
Russell, Christopher J.
Shannon, Ryan M.
Tomson, Sharon Mary
Wang, Jingbo
Wang, Shuangqiang
Zic, Andrew
contents We perform Bayesian targeted searches for continuous gravitational waves from eccentric supermassive binary black holes (SMBBHs) using the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array third data release (PPTA DR3). Six electromagnetically motivated sky directions are analyzed, including the blazar OJ~287 and five nearby galaxy clusters (Virgo, Fornax, Norma, Hercules, and Coma). No significant signals are found. For OJ 287, by explicitly incorporating orbital eccentricity (up to $e_0 = 0.8$) to robustly capture signal power spread across multiple harmonics, we constrain the total binary mass to $M_{\rm tot} < 5.25 \times 10^{10} M_{\odot}$ (95\% credible level). We also place upper limits on the chirp mass of potential SMBBHs residing in galaxy clusters. By combining these limits with independent black hole mass estimates, we place novel constraints on the allowed binary mass ratios for potential hosts such as M87 and NGC~4889. Specifically, our results exclude binaries with mass ratios $q \gtrsim 10^{-2}$ at around 10 nHz for these massive systems, effectively ruling out equal-mass black hole mergers in the sampled parameter space. These findings demonstrate the growing power of pulsar timing arrays to probe SMBBH populations.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_13173
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Targeted search for eccentric supermassive binary black holes in OJ 287 and nearby galaxy clusters with PPTA DR3
Zhao, Shi-Yi
Zhu, Xingjiang
Tremblay, Jacob Cardinal
Chen, Yiqin
Curyło, Małgorzata
Dai, Shi
Di Marco, Valentina
Gitika, Pratyasha
Hobbs, George
Ho, Simon C. -C.
Hu, Xiao-Song
Kapur, Agastya
Ling, Wenhua
Manchester, Richard N.
Mishra, Saurav
Reardon, Daniel J.
Russell, Christopher J.
Shannon, Ryan M.
Tomson, Sharon Mary
Wang, Jingbo
Wang, Shuangqiang
Zic, Andrew
Astrophysics of Galaxies
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
We perform Bayesian targeted searches for continuous gravitational waves from eccentric supermassive binary black holes (SMBBHs) using the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array third data release (PPTA DR3). Six electromagnetically motivated sky directions are analyzed, including the blazar OJ~287 and five nearby galaxy clusters (Virgo, Fornax, Norma, Hercules, and Coma). No significant signals are found. For OJ 287, by explicitly incorporating orbital eccentricity (up to $e_0 = 0.8$) to robustly capture signal power spread across multiple harmonics, we constrain the total binary mass to $M_{\rm tot} < 5.25 \times 10^{10} M_{\odot}$ (95\% credible level). We also place upper limits on the chirp mass of potential SMBBHs residing in galaxy clusters. By combining these limits with independent black hole mass estimates, we place novel constraints on the allowed binary mass ratios for potential hosts such as M87 and NGC~4889. Specifically, our results exclude binaries with mass ratios $q \gtrsim 10^{-2}$ at around 10 nHz for these massive systems, effectively ruling out equal-mass black hole mergers in the sampled parameter space. These findings demonstrate the growing power of pulsar timing arrays to probe SMBBH populations.
title Targeted search for eccentric supermassive binary black holes in OJ 287 and nearby galaxy clusters with PPTA DR3
topic Astrophysics of Galaxies
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.13173