The Determinants of Judicial Promotion: Politics, Prestige, and Performance

Fuente: arXiv
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Hauptverfasser: Davidson, Ilya, Lera, Sandro Claudio, Mahari, Robert
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
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author Davidson, Ilya
Lera, Sandro Claudio
Mahari, Robert
author_facet Davidson, Ilya
Lera, Sandro Claudio
Mahari, Robert
contents Judicial promotions shape the composition of higher courts, yet their determinants remain poorly understood. This paper examines promotion from U.S. District Courts to Courts of Appeals using a discrete-time hazard framework that models annual promotion probability. Using a judge-year panel covering over 36,000 observations from 1930 to present, we incorporate career timing, political alignment, elite credentials, and judicial performance measures. Promotion probabilities follow a life-cycle pattern and are strongly influenced by political alignment between judges and presidents ($β$ = 2.12, p < 0.001). Elite credentials and productivity increase promotion likelihood, while higher reversal rates reduce it. Citation network centrality exhibits a meaningful association ($β$ = 0.230, p = 0.025) that operates independently of elite credentials. Promotion outcomes reflect a dynamic process shaped by timing, politics, elite networks, and performance signals, with political considerations dominating but not eclipsing judicial behavior.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_13473
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The Determinants of Judicial Promotion: Politics, Prestige, and Performance
Davidson, Ilya
Lera, Sandro Claudio
Mahari, Robert
Social and Information Networks
Judicial promotions shape the composition of higher courts, yet their determinants remain poorly understood. This paper examines promotion from U.S. District Courts to Courts of Appeals using a discrete-time hazard framework that models annual promotion probability. Using a judge-year panel covering over 36,000 observations from 1930 to present, we incorporate career timing, political alignment, elite credentials, and judicial performance measures. Promotion probabilities follow a life-cycle pattern and are strongly influenced by political alignment between judges and presidents ($β$ = 2.12, p < 0.001). Elite credentials and productivity increase promotion likelihood, while higher reversal rates reduce it. Citation network centrality exhibits a meaningful association ($β$ = 0.230, p = 0.025) that operates independently of elite credentials. Promotion outcomes reflect a dynamic process shaped by timing, politics, elite networks, and performance signals, with political considerations dominating but not eclipsing judicial behavior.
title The Determinants of Judicial Promotion: Politics, Prestige, and Performance
topic Social and Information Networks
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.13473