MAny: Merge Anything for Multimodal Continual Instruction Tuning

Fuente: arXiv
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Hauptverfasser: Gao, Zijian, Jia, Wangwang, Zhang, Xingxing, Qian, Pengfei, Sun, Tao, Ding, Bo, Dou, Yong, Wang, Huaimin, Xu, Kele
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
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author Gao, Zijian
Jia, Wangwang
Zhang, Xingxing
Qian, Pengfei
Sun, Tao
Ding, Bo
Dou, Yong
Wang, Huaimin
Xu, Kele
author_facet Gao, Zijian
Jia, Wangwang
Zhang, Xingxing
Qian, Pengfei
Sun, Tao
Ding, Bo
Dou, Yong
Wang, Huaimin
Xu, Kele
contents Multimodal Continual Instruction Tuning (MCIT) is essential for sequential task adaptation of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) but is severely restricted by catastrophic forgetting. While existing literature focuses on the reasoning language backbone, in this work, we expose a critical yet neglected dual-forgetting phenomenon across both perception drift in Cross-modal Projection Space and reasoning collapse in Low-rank Parameter Space. To resolve this, we present \textbf{MAny} (\textbf{M}erge \textbf{Any}thing), a framework that merges task-specific knowledge through \textbf{C}ross-modal \textbf{P}rojection \textbf{M}erging (\textbf{CPM}) and \textbf{L}ow-rank \textbf{P}arameter \textbf{M}erging (\textbf{LPM}). Specifically, CPM recovers perceptual alignment by adaptively merging cross-modal visual representations via visual-prototype guidance, ensuring accurate feature recovery during inference. Simultaneously, LPM eliminates mutual interference among task-specific low-rank modules by recursively merging low-rank weight matrices. By leveraging recursive least squares, LPM provides a closed-form solution that mathematically guarantees an optimal fusion trajectory for reasoning stability. Notably, MAny operates as a training-free paradigm that achieves knowledge merging via efficient CPU-based algebraic operations, eliminating additional gradient-based optimization beyond initial tuning. Our extensive evaluations confirm the superior performance and robustness of MAny across multiple MLLMs and benchmarks. Specifically, on the UCIT benchmark, MAny achieves significant leads of up to 8.57\% and 2.85\% in final average accuracy over state-of-the-art methods across two different MLLMs, respectively.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_14016
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle MAny: Merge Anything for Multimodal Continual Instruction Tuning
Gao, Zijian
Jia, Wangwang
Zhang, Xingxing
Qian, Pengfei
Sun, Tao
Ding, Bo
Dou, Yong
Wang, Huaimin
Xu, Kele
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Multimodal Continual Instruction Tuning (MCIT) is essential for sequential task adaptation of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) but is severely restricted by catastrophic forgetting. While existing literature focuses on the reasoning language backbone, in this work, we expose a critical yet neglected dual-forgetting phenomenon across both perception drift in Cross-modal Projection Space and reasoning collapse in Low-rank Parameter Space. To resolve this, we present \textbf{MAny} (\textbf{M}erge \textbf{Any}thing), a framework that merges task-specific knowledge through \textbf{C}ross-modal \textbf{P}rojection \textbf{M}erging (\textbf{CPM}) and \textbf{L}ow-rank \textbf{P}arameter \textbf{M}erging (\textbf{LPM}). Specifically, CPM recovers perceptual alignment by adaptively merging cross-modal visual representations via visual-prototype guidance, ensuring accurate feature recovery during inference. Simultaneously, LPM eliminates mutual interference among task-specific low-rank modules by recursively merging low-rank weight matrices. By leveraging recursive least squares, LPM provides a closed-form solution that mathematically guarantees an optimal fusion trajectory for reasoning stability. Notably, MAny operates as a training-free paradigm that achieves knowledge merging via efficient CPU-based algebraic operations, eliminating additional gradient-based optimization beyond initial tuning. Our extensive evaluations confirm the superior performance and robustness of MAny across multiple MLLMs and benchmarks. Specifically, on the UCIT benchmark, MAny achieves significant leads of up to 8.57\% and 2.85\% in final average accuracy over state-of-the-art methods across two different MLLMs, respectively.
title MAny: Merge Anything for Multimodal Continual Instruction Tuning
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.14016