A Complete Symmetry Classification of Shallow ReLU Networks

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteur principal: Ramakrishnan, Pranavkrishnan
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2026
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author Ramakrishnan, Pranavkrishnan
author_facet Ramakrishnan, Pranavkrishnan
contents Parameter space is not function space for neural network architectures. This fact, investigated as early as the 1990s under terms such as ``reverse engineering," or ``parameter identifiability", has led to the natural question of parameter space symmetries\textemdash the study of distinct parameters in neural architectures which realize the same function. Indeed, the quotient space obtained by identifying parameters giving rise to the same function, called the \textit{neuromanifold}, has been shown in some cases to have rich geometric properties, impacting optimization dynamics. Thus far, techniques towards complete classifications have required the analyticity of the activation function, notably excising the important case of ReLU. Here, in contrast, we exploit the non-differentiability of the ReLU activation to provide a complete classification of the symmetries in the shallow case.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_14037
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Complete Symmetry Classification of Shallow ReLU Networks
Ramakrishnan, Pranavkrishnan
Machine Learning
Algebraic Geometry
Combinatorics
68T07, 62J02, 62M45
Parameter space is not function space for neural network architectures. This fact, investigated as early as the 1990s under terms such as ``reverse engineering," or ``parameter identifiability", has led to the natural question of parameter space symmetries\textemdash the study of distinct parameters in neural architectures which realize the same function. Indeed, the quotient space obtained by identifying parameters giving rise to the same function, called the \textit{neuromanifold}, has been shown in some cases to have rich geometric properties, impacting optimization dynamics. Thus far, techniques towards complete classifications have required the analyticity of the activation function, notably excising the important case of ReLU. Here, in contrast, we exploit the non-differentiability of the ReLU activation to provide a complete classification of the symmetries in the shallow case.
title A Complete Symmetry Classification of Shallow ReLU Networks
topic Machine Learning
Algebraic Geometry
Combinatorics
68T07, 62J02, 62M45
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.14037