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Main Authors: Kamalov, Firuz, Thabtah, Fadi, Sivaraj, R., Abdelhamid, Neda
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.14338
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author Kamalov, Firuz
Thabtah, Fadi
Sivaraj, R.
Abdelhamid, Neda
author_facet Kamalov, Firuz
Thabtah, Fadi
Sivaraj, R.
Abdelhamid, Neda
contents We introduce path-sampled integrated gradients (PS-IG), a framework that generalizes feature attribution by computing the expected value over baselines sampled along the linear interpolation path. We prove that PS-IG is mathematically equivalent to path-weighted integrated gradients, provided the weighting function matches the cumulative distribution function of the sampling density. This equivalence allows the stochastic expectation to be evaluated via a deterministic Riemann sum, improving the error convergence rate from $O(m^{-1/2})$ to $O(m^{-1})$ for smooth models. Furthermore, we demonstrate analytically that PS-IG functions as a variance-reducing filter against gradient noise - strictly lowering attribution variance by a factor of 1/3 under uniform sampling - while preserving key axiomatic properties such as linearity and implementation invariance.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_14338
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Path-Sampled Integrated Gradients
Kamalov, Firuz
Thabtah, Fadi
Sivaraj, R.
Abdelhamid, Neda
Machine Learning
We introduce path-sampled integrated gradients (PS-IG), a framework that generalizes feature attribution by computing the expected value over baselines sampled along the linear interpolation path. We prove that PS-IG is mathematically equivalent to path-weighted integrated gradients, provided the weighting function matches the cumulative distribution function of the sampling density. This equivalence allows the stochastic expectation to be evaluated via a deterministic Riemann sum, improving the error convergence rate from $O(m^{-1/2})$ to $O(m^{-1})$ for smooth models. Furthermore, we demonstrate analytically that PS-IG functions as a variance-reducing filter against gradient noise - strictly lowering attribution variance by a factor of 1/3 under uniform sampling - while preserving key axiomatic properties such as linearity and implementation invariance.
title Path-Sampled Integrated Gradients
topic Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.14338