Governing Reflective Human-AI Collaboration: A Framework for Epistemic Scaffolding and Traceable Reasoning

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Main Authors: Rosenbacke, Rikard, Rosenbacke, Carl, Rosenbacke, Victor, McKee, Martin
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Rosenbacke, Rikard
Rosenbacke, Carl
Rosenbacke, Victor
McKee, Martin
author_facet Rosenbacke, Rikard
Rosenbacke, Carl
Rosenbacke, Victor
McKee, Martin
contents Large language models have advanced rapidly, from pattern recognition to emerging forms of reasoning, yet they remain confined to linguistic simulation rather than grounded understanding. They can produce fluent outputs that resemble reflection, but lack temporal continuity, causal feedback, and anchoring in real-world interaction. This paper proposes a complementary approach in which reasoning is treated as a relational process distributed between human and model rather than an internal capability of either. Building on recent work on "System-2" learning, we relocate reflective reasoning to the interaction layer. Instead of engineering reasoning solely within models, we frame it as a cognitive protocol that can be structured, measured, and governed using existing systems. This perspective emphasizes collaborative intelligence, combining human judgment and contextual understanding with machine speed, memory, and associative capacity. We introduce "The Architect's Pen" as a practical method. Like an architect who thinks through drawing, the human uses the model as an external medium for structured reflection. By embedding phases of articulation, critique, and revision into human-AI interaction, the dialogue itself becomes a reasoning loop: human abstraction -> model articulation -> human reflection. This reframes the question from whether the model can think to whether the human-AI system can reason. The framework enables auditable reasoning traces and supports alignment with emerging governance standards, including the EU AI Act and ISO/IEC 42001. It provides a practical path toward more transparent, controllable, and accountable AI use without requiring new model architectures.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_14898
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Governing Reflective Human-AI Collaboration: A Framework for Epistemic Scaffolding and Traceable Reasoning
Rosenbacke, Rikard
Rosenbacke, Carl
Rosenbacke, Victor
McKee, Martin
Artificial Intelligence
Computers and Society
Human-Computer Interaction
Large language models have advanced rapidly, from pattern recognition to emerging forms of reasoning, yet they remain confined to linguistic simulation rather than grounded understanding. They can produce fluent outputs that resemble reflection, but lack temporal continuity, causal feedback, and anchoring in real-world interaction. This paper proposes a complementary approach in which reasoning is treated as a relational process distributed between human and model rather than an internal capability of either. Building on recent work on "System-2" learning, we relocate reflective reasoning to the interaction layer. Instead of engineering reasoning solely within models, we frame it as a cognitive protocol that can be structured, measured, and governed using existing systems. This perspective emphasizes collaborative intelligence, combining human judgment and contextual understanding with machine speed, memory, and associative capacity. We introduce "The Architect's Pen" as a practical method. Like an architect who thinks through drawing, the human uses the model as an external medium for structured reflection. By embedding phases of articulation, critique, and revision into human-AI interaction, the dialogue itself becomes a reasoning loop: human abstraction -> model articulation -> human reflection. This reframes the question from whether the model can think to whether the human-AI system can reason. The framework enables auditable reasoning traces and supports alignment with emerging governance standards, including the EU AI Act and ISO/IEC 42001. It provides a practical path toward more transparent, controllable, and accountable AI use without requiring new model architectures.
title Governing Reflective Human-AI Collaboration: A Framework for Epistemic Scaffolding and Traceable Reasoning
topic Artificial Intelligence
Computers and Society
Human-Computer Interaction
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.14898