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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Spencer, L. River, Cardoza, Reagan A., Dubey, Vijay K., Haese, Collin E., Kreidel, Felix, Moussa, Issam, Rausch, Manuel K., Fuhg, Jan N.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.15017
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author Spencer, L. River
Cardoza, Reagan A.
Dubey, Vijay K.
Haese, Collin E.
Kreidel, Felix
Moussa, Issam
Rausch, Manuel K.
Fuhg, Jan N.
author_facet Spencer, L. River
Cardoza, Reagan A.
Dubey, Vijay K.
Haese, Collin E.
Kreidel, Felix
Moussa, Issam
Rausch, Manuel K.
Fuhg, Jan N.
contents Ultrasound imaging tasks such as calibration, inverse parameter estimation, and acquisition design require models that are physically grounded, efficient, and differentiable with respect to meaningful material and system parameters. While full-wave solvers offer high fidelity, they are often too expensive for iterative optimization, and existing ray-based methods have mostly been limited to forward simulation. In this work, we present a fully differentiable end-to-end ultrasound simulation framework based on full-path Monte Carlo ray tracing. Building on UltraRay, the method propagates gradients from image-space losses back through acoustic transport, beamforming, and post-processing, enabling gradient-based optimization over scene and acquisition parameters. The framework combines differentiable ray transport in Mitsuba 3/Dr.Jit with a custom differentiable bridge through the ultrasound image-formation pipeline. Forward examples reproduce expected geometric image features and capture more complex anatomical structures. In inverse problems, the method recovers known parameters in a simulated-reference setting and identifies effective parameters that improve agreement between simulated and experimental B-mode images in a simulation-to-real setting. Finite-difference comparisons further support the consistency of the computed gradients. Overall, this work provides a practical foundation for differentiable, physics-based ultrasound simulation and optimization.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_15017
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Fully Differentiable Ultrasound Simulation Utilizing Ray-Tracing
Spencer, L. River
Cardoza, Reagan A.
Dubey, Vijay K.
Haese, Collin E.
Kreidel, Felix
Moussa, Issam
Rausch, Manuel K.
Fuhg, Jan N.
Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science
Ultrasound imaging tasks such as calibration, inverse parameter estimation, and acquisition design require models that are physically grounded, efficient, and differentiable with respect to meaningful material and system parameters. While full-wave solvers offer high fidelity, they are often too expensive for iterative optimization, and existing ray-based methods have mostly been limited to forward simulation. In this work, we present a fully differentiable end-to-end ultrasound simulation framework based on full-path Monte Carlo ray tracing. Building on UltraRay, the method propagates gradients from image-space losses back through acoustic transport, beamforming, and post-processing, enabling gradient-based optimization over scene and acquisition parameters. The framework combines differentiable ray transport in Mitsuba 3/Dr.Jit with a custom differentiable bridge through the ultrasound image-formation pipeline. Forward examples reproduce expected geometric image features and capture more complex anatomical structures. In inverse problems, the method recovers known parameters in a simulated-reference setting and identifies effective parameters that improve agreement between simulated and experimental B-mode images in a simulation-to-real setting. Finite-difference comparisons further support the consistency of the computed gradients. Overall, this work provides a practical foundation for differentiable, physics-based ultrasound simulation and optimization.
title Fully Differentiable Ultrasound Simulation Utilizing Ray-Tracing
topic Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.15017