Buchumschlag

The multi-planet system TOI-5624: Four transiting sub-Neptunes with an outer companion revealed by transit-timing variations

Fuente: arXiv

Gespeichert in:

Bibliographische Detailangaben
Hauptverfasser:	Bonfanti, A., Gandolfi, D., Leonardi, P., Osborn, H. P., Serrano, L. M., Hébrard, G., Billot, N., Bekkelien, A., Olofsson, G., Broeg, C., Nardiello, D., Sousa, S. G., Wilson, T. G., Correia, A. C. M., Pezzotti, C., Brandeker, A., Fossati, L., Gillon, M., Stalport, M., Akinsanmi, B., Alibert, Y., Alonso, R., Asquier, J., Bárczy, T., Barrado, D., Barros, S. C. C., Baumjohann, W., Benz, W., Borsato, L., González, A. Castro, Cameron, A. Collier, Csizmadia, Sz., Cubillos, P. E., Davies, M. B., Deleuil, M., Delfosse, X., Deline, A., Demangeon, O. D. S., Demory, B. -O., Derekas, A., Destriez, F., Edwards, B., Ehrenreich, D., Erikson, A., Fortier, A., Fridlund, M., Gazeas, K., Güdel, M., Günther, M. N., Hara, N., Heidari, N., Heitzmann, A., Helling, Ch., Isaak, K. G., Keller, T., Kiss, L. L., Kitzmann, D., Korth, J., Lacedelli, G., Lam, K. W. F., Laskar, J., Etangs, A. Lecavelier des, Leleu, A., Lendl, M., Magrin, D., Maxted, P. F. L., Mecina, M., Merín, B., Mordasini, C., Nascimbeni, V., Ottensamer, R., Pagano, I., Pallé, E., Peter, G., Piazza, D., Piotto, G., Pollacco, D., Queloz, D., Ragazzoni, R., Rando, N., Rauer, H., Ribas, I., Santos, N. C., Scandariato, G., Ségransan, D., Simon, A. E., Smith, A. M. S., Sulis, S., Szabó, Gy. M., Udry, S., Ulmer-Moll, S., Van Grootel, V., Venturini, J., Verrecchia, F., Villaver, E., Walton, N. A., Wolf, S., Wolter, D., Zingales, T.
Format:	Preprint
Veröffentlicht:	2026
Schlagworte:	Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Online-Zugang:	Acceder al recurso
Tags:	Tag hinzufügen Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!

_version_	1866910259924172800
author	Bonfanti, A. Gandolfi, D. Leonardi, P. Osborn, H. P. Serrano, L. M. Hébrard, G. Billot, N. Bekkelien, A. Olofsson, G. Broeg, C. Nardiello, D. Sousa, S. G. Wilson, T. G. Correia, A. C. M. Pezzotti, C. Brandeker, A. Fossati, L. Gillon, M. Stalport, M. Akinsanmi, B. Alibert, Y. Alonso, R. Asquier, J. Bárczy, T. Barrado, D. Barros, S. C. C. Baumjohann, W. Benz, W. Borsato, L. González, A. Castro Cameron, A. Collier Csizmadia, Sz. Cubillos, P. E. Davies, M. B. Deleuil, M. Delfosse, X. Deline, A. Demangeon, O. D. S. Demory, B. -O. Derekas, A. Destriez, F. Edwards, B. Ehrenreich, D. Erikson, A. Fortier, A. Fridlund, M. Gazeas, K. Güdel, M. Günther, M. N. Hara, N. Heidari, N. Heitzmann, A. Helling, Ch. Isaak, K. G. Keller, T. Kiss, L. L. Kitzmann, D. Korth, J. Lacedelli, G. Lam, K. W. F. Laskar, J. Etangs, A. Lecavelier des Leleu, A. Lendl, M. Magrin, D. Maxted, P. F. L. Mecina, M. Merín, B. Mordasini, C. Nascimbeni, V. Ottensamer, R. Pagano, I. Pallé, E. Peter, G. Piazza, D. Piotto, G. Pollacco, D. Queloz, D. Ragazzoni, R. Rando, N. Rauer, H. Ribas, I. Santos, N. C. Scandariato, G. Ségransan, D. Simon, A. E. Smith, A. M. S. Sulis, S. Szabó, Gy. M. Udry, S. Ulmer-Moll, S. Van Grootel, V. Venturini, J. Verrecchia, F. Villaver, E. Walton, N. A. Wolf, S. Wolter, D. Zingales, T.
author_facet	Bonfanti, A. Gandolfi, D. Leonardi, P. Osborn, H. P. Serrano, L. M. Hébrard, G. Billot, N. Bekkelien, A. Olofsson, G. Broeg, C. Nardiello, D. Sousa, S. G. Wilson, T. G. Correia, A. C. M. Pezzotti, C. Brandeker, A. Fossati, L. Gillon, M. Stalport, M. Akinsanmi, B. Alibert, Y. Alonso, R. Asquier, J. Bárczy, T. Barrado, D. Barros, S. C. C. Baumjohann, W. Benz, W. Borsato, L. González, A. Castro Cameron, A. Collier Csizmadia, Sz. Cubillos, P. E. Davies, M. B. Deleuil, M. Delfosse, X. Deline, A. Demangeon, O. D. S. Demory, B. -O. Derekas, A. Destriez, F. Edwards, B. Ehrenreich, D. Erikson, A. Fortier, A. Fridlund, M. Gazeas, K. Güdel, M. Günther, M. N. Hara, N. Heidari, N. Heitzmann, A. Helling, Ch. Isaak, K. G. Keller, T. Kiss, L. L. Kitzmann, D. Korth, J. Lacedelli, G. Lam, K. W. F. Laskar, J. Etangs, A. Lecavelier des Leleu, A. Lendl, M. Magrin, D. Maxted, P. F. L. Mecina, M. Merín, B. Mordasini, C. Nascimbeni, V. Ottensamer, R. Pagano, I. Pallé, E. Peter, G. Piazza, D. Piotto, G. Pollacco, D. Queloz, D. Ragazzoni, R. Rando, N. Rauer, H. Ribas, I. Santos, N. C. Scandariato, G. Ségransan, D. Simon, A. E. Smith, A. M. S. Sulis, S. Szabó, Gy. M. Udry, S. Ulmer-Moll, S. Van Grootel, V. Venturini, J. Verrecchia, F. Villaver, E. Walton, N. A. Wolf, S. Wolter, D. Zingales, T.
contents	Following the 2022 alert of a TESS object of interest transiting TOI-5624 (a G7 V star $\sim$100 pc away), a CHEOPS campaign in 2023 detected four planetary signals at $P_b\approx3.4$, $P_c\approx7.9$, $P_d\approx13.7$, and $P_e\approx21.5$ days, later confirmed by additional TESS and CHEOPS photometry in 2024-2025. After analysing the TESS & CHEOPS photometric data, we extracted and modelled the HARPS-N & SOPHIE RV time series using two independent methodologies both within an MCMC framework. We further integrated the N-body equations of motion, while simultaneously fitting the transit times and the detrended RVs, to dynamically characterise the system. We present the discovery of four transiting sub-Neptunes with radii of $R_b=2.314\pm0.035 R_{\oplus}$, $R_c=2.474\pm0.042 R_{\oplus}$, $R_d=3.584_{-0.050}^{+0.051} R_{\oplus}$, and $R_e=3.247_{-0.043}^{+0.042} R_{\oplus}$ and masses of $M_b=9.4\pm1.4 M_{\oplus}$, $M_c=4.8\pm1.9 M_{\oplus}$, $M_d=4.9\pm2.2 M_{\oplus}$, and $M_e=8.9_{-3.0}^{+2.9} M_{\oplus}$. Our photometric analysis reveals that the outermost transiting planet TOI-5624 e shows significant TTVs. We find a robust Keplerian signal in the RV time series close to the 2:1 period commensurability with TOI-5624 e, which explains the TTV pattern exhibited by TOI-5624 e according to our dynamical analysis. We label this non-transiting planet as TOI-5624 f and find its minimum mass to be $M_f\sin{i_f}=13.0\pm3.7 M_{\oplus}$. Among the known systems hosting more than four planets, the remarkable precision with which the radii have been measured (<1.7%) and the firm assessment (>3$σ$) of the mass for at least three planets has been previously reached only for TRAPPIST-1. Additional photometric observations will enable a better sample of the TTV modulation and a more robust dynamical determination of the masses.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_15035
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2026
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	The multi-planet system TOI-5624: Four transiting sub-Neptunes with an outer companion revealed by transit-timing variations Bonfanti, A. Gandolfi, D. Leonardi, P. Osborn, H. P. Serrano, L. M. Hébrard, G. Billot, N. Bekkelien, A. Olofsson, G. Broeg, C. Nardiello, D. Sousa, S. G. Wilson, T. G. Correia, A. C. M. Pezzotti, C. Brandeker, A. Fossati, L. Gillon, M. Stalport, M. Akinsanmi, B. Alibert, Y. Alonso, R. Asquier, J. Bárczy, T. Barrado, D. Barros, S. C. C. Baumjohann, W. Benz, W. Borsato, L. González, A. Castro Cameron, A. Collier Csizmadia, Sz. Cubillos, P. E. Davies, M. B. Deleuil, M. Delfosse, X. Deline, A. Demangeon, O. D. S. Demory, B. -O. Derekas, A. Destriez, F. Edwards, B. Ehrenreich, D. Erikson, A. Fortier, A. Fridlund, M. Gazeas, K. Güdel, M. Günther, M. N. Hara, N. Heidari, N. Heitzmann, A. Helling, Ch. Isaak, K. G. Keller, T. Kiss, L. L. Kitzmann, D. Korth, J. Lacedelli, G. Lam, K. W. F. Laskar, J. Etangs, A. Lecavelier des Leleu, A. Lendl, M. Magrin, D. Maxted, P. F. L. Mecina, M. Merín, B. Mordasini, C. Nascimbeni, V. Ottensamer, R. Pagano, I. Pallé, E. Peter, G. Piazza, D. Piotto, G. Pollacco, D. Queloz, D. Ragazzoni, R. Rando, N. Rauer, H. Ribas, I. Santos, N. C. Scandariato, G. Ségransan, D. Simon, A. E. Smith, A. M. S. Sulis, S. Szabó, Gy. M. Udry, S. Ulmer-Moll, S. Van Grootel, V. Venturini, J. Verrecchia, F. Villaver, E. Walton, N. A. Wolf, S. Wolter, D. Zingales, T. Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Following the 2022 alert of a TESS object of interest transiting TOI-5624 (a G7 V star $\sim$100 pc away), a CHEOPS campaign in 2023 detected four planetary signals at $P_b\approx3.4$, $P_c\approx7.9$, $P_d\approx13.7$, and $P_e\approx21.5$ days, later confirmed by additional TESS and CHEOPS photometry in 2024-2025. After analysing the TESS & CHEOPS photometric data, we extracted and modelled the HARPS-N & SOPHIE RV time series using two independent methodologies both within an MCMC framework. We further integrated the N-body equations of motion, while simultaneously fitting the transit times and the detrended RVs, to dynamically characterise the system. We present the discovery of four transiting sub-Neptunes with radii of $R_b=2.314\pm0.035 R_{\oplus}$, $R_c=2.474\pm0.042 R_{\oplus}$, $R_d=3.584_{-0.050}^{+0.051} R_{\oplus}$, and $R_e=3.247_{-0.043}^{+0.042} R_{\oplus}$ and masses of $M_b=9.4\pm1.4 M_{\oplus}$, $M_c=4.8\pm1.9 M_{\oplus}$, $M_d=4.9\pm2.2 M_{\oplus}$, and $M_e=8.9_{-3.0}^{+2.9} M_{\oplus}$. Our photometric analysis reveals that the outermost transiting planet TOI-5624 e shows significant TTVs. We find a robust Keplerian signal in the RV time series close to the 2:1 period commensurability with TOI-5624 e, which explains the TTV pattern exhibited by TOI-5624 e according to our dynamical analysis. We label this non-transiting planet as TOI-5624 f and find its minimum mass to be $M_f\sin{i_f}=13.0\pm3.7 M_{\oplus}$. Among the known systems hosting more than four planets, the remarkable precision with which the radii have been measured (<1.7%) and the firm assessment (>3$σ$) of the mass for at least three planets has been previously reached only for TRAPPIST-1. Additional photometric observations will enable a better sample of the TTV modulation and a more robust dynamical determination of the masses.
title	The multi-planet system TOI-5624: Four transiting sub-Neptunes with an outer companion revealed by transit-timing variations
topic	Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.15035