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Main Authors: Nagashima, Raigo, Mamiya, Chihiro, Tsuji, Naoto
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.15054
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author Nagashima, Raigo
Mamiya, Chihiro
Tsuji, Naoto
author_facet Nagashima, Raigo
Mamiya, Chihiro
Tsuji, Naoto
contents Lifshitz invariant is a symmetry-allowed term in the Ginzburg-Landau free energy of an ordered phase, involving the order parameters and a single spatial derivative, which serves as a source of unusual optical responses. Here we introduce a ``type II" Lifshitz invariant for superconductors, which changes its sign under the particle-hole transformation and can be distinguished from the ordinary particle-hole even ``type I" Lifshitz invariant. We show that the type II Lifshitz invariant appears only in superconductors that break time-reversal symmetry and allows the Higgs mode to be visible in the optical conductivity spectrum. We provide a classification of all pairs of irreducible corepresentations of order parameters in the magnetic point groups that admit a type II Lifshitz invariant. We also numerically calculate the optical conductivity for various models of time-reversal symmetry broken multiband superconductors, finding agreement with the group-theoretical analysis. Our results establish a universal class of time-reversal symmetry broken superconductors hosting an optically active Higgs mode.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_15054
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Type II Lifshitz invariant and optically active Higgs mode in time-reversal symmetry broken superconductors
Nagashima, Raigo
Mamiya, Chihiro
Tsuji, Naoto
Superconductivity
Lifshitz invariant is a symmetry-allowed term in the Ginzburg-Landau free energy of an ordered phase, involving the order parameters and a single spatial derivative, which serves as a source of unusual optical responses. Here we introduce a ``type II" Lifshitz invariant for superconductors, which changes its sign under the particle-hole transformation and can be distinguished from the ordinary particle-hole even ``type I" Lifshitz invariant. We show that the type II Lifshitz invariant appears only in superconductors that break time-reversal symmetry and allows the Higgs mode to be visible in the optical conductivity spectrum. We provide a classification of all pairs of irreducible corepresentations of order parameters in the magnetic point groups that admit a type II Lifshitz invariant. We also numerically calculate the optical conductivity for various models of time-reversal symmetry broken multiband superconductors, finding agreement with the group-theoretical analysis. Our results establish a universal class of time-reversal symmetry broken superconductors hosting an optically active Higgs mode.
title Type II Lifshitz invariant and optically active Higgs mode in time-reversal symmetry broken superconductors
topic Superconductivity
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.15054