An FUor-like Outbursting Class I Protostar in NGC 7538
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arXiv
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| Auteurs principaux: | , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Publié: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866918450694193152 |
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| author | Fang, Aidi Chen, Zhiwei Du, Lin Zheng, Sheng |
| author_facet | Fang, Aidi Chen, Zhiwei Du, Lin Zheng, Sheng |
| contents | We report on the discovery of an FUor-like Class I protostar in NGC~7538. The source, named NGC~7538~MIR, exhibited a giant luminosity burst ($ΔK_s\sim5$) and a prolonged high-luminosity state lasting at least five years. Its mid-infrared (mid-IR) light curves, constructed from WISE/NEOWISE multiepoch data, presented a rapid rise and slight fading after the peak, placing this event among long-duration eruptive phenomena observed in protostars, for example, FUor-type events. The evolution of W1/W2 luminosity and $W1-W2$ color can be naturally split into three phases, pre-burst, burst and post-burst, suggesting that different physical processes may dominate in the three phases. The evolution of NGC~7538~MIR is consistent with a transition from variability influenced by circumstellar extinction (pre-burst) to a phase with greatly enhanced accretion luminosity (burst), and followed by a gradual relaxation of the circumstellar environment (post-burst). Overall, the observed IR variability of NGC~7538~MIR is consistent with an FUor-like accretion event occurred at an early evolutionary stage, highlighting the importance of long-term IR monitoring for identifying episodic accretion events in deeply embedded protostars. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_15089 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | An FUor-like Outbursting Class I Protostar in NGC 7538 Fang, Aidi Chen, Zhiwei Du, Lin Zheng, Sheng Solar and Stellar Astrophysics We report on the discovery of an FUor-like Class I protostar in NGC~7538. The source, named NGC~7538~MIR, exhibited a giant luminosity burst ($ΔK_s\sim5$) and a prolonged high-luminosity state lasting at least five years. Its mid-infrared (mid-IR) light curves, constructed from WISE/NEOWISE multiepoch data, presented a rapid rise and slight fading after the peak, placing this event among long-duration eruptive phenomena observed in protostars, for example, FUor-type events. The evolution of W1/W2 luminosity and $W1-W2$ color can be naturally split into three phases, pre-burst, burst and post-burst, suggesting that different physical processes may dominate in the three phases. The evolution of NGC~7538~MIR is consistent with a transition from variability influenced by circumstellar extinction (pre-burst) to a phase with greatly enhanced accretion luminosity (burst), and followed by a gradual relaxation of the circumstellar environment (post-burst). Overall, the observed IR variability of NGC~7538~MIR is consistent with an FUor-like accretion event occurred at an early evolutionary stage, highlighting the importance of long-term IR monitoring for identifying episodic accretion events in deeply embedded protostars. |
| title | An FUor-like Outbursting Class I Protostar in NGC 7538 |
| topic | Solar and Stellar Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.15089 |