Watching Trade from Space: Nowcasting and Spatial Extrapolation of Port-Level Maritime Trade Using Satellite Imagery

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Author: Jung, Yonggeun
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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_version_ 1866908973164134400
author Jung, Yonggeun
author_facet Jung, Yonggeun
contents Satellite data are increasingly used to measure economic activity, yet port-level trade remains largely unmeasured from space. This paper combines synthetic aperture radar imagery, nighttime lights, and port characteristics to measure monthly port-level maritime trade using only publicly available data. The model achieves strong out-of-sample accuracy for U.S. ports, with satellite signals and port attributes playing complementary roles. While absolute levels are difficult to extrapolate beyond the training domain, percentage changes are reliably recovered, as we confirm through a leave-one-region-out exercise and Monte Carlo simulation. Applying the framework to Russian ports after the 2022 sanctions, we detect shifts consistent with trade reorientation toward the Far East. The approach complements AIS-based methods by remaining robust to strategic signal manipulation.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_15444
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Watching Trade from Space: Nowcasting and Spatial Extrapolation of Port-Level Maritime Trade Using Satellite Imagery
Jung, Yonggeun
General Economics
Economics
Satellite data are increasingly used to measure economic activity, yet port-level trade remains largely unmeasured from space. This paper combines synthetic aperture radar imagery, nighttime lights, and port characteristics to measure monthly port-level maritime trade using only publicly available data. The model achieves strong out-of-sample accuracy for U.S. ports, with satellite signals and port attributes playing complementary roles. While absolute levels are difficult to extrapolate beyond the training domain, percentage changes are reliably recovered, as we confirm through a leave-one-region-out exercise and Monte Carlo simulation. Applying the framework to Russian ports after the 2022 sanctions, we detect shifts consistent with trade reorientation toward the Far East. The approach complements AIS-based methods by remaining robust to strategic signal manipulation.
title Watching Trade from Space: Nowcasting and Spatial Extrapolation of Port-Level Maritime Trade Using Satellite Imagery
topic General Economics
Economics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.15444