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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2026
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.15532 |
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| _version_ | 1866917415751778304 |
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| author | Vakhnovskyi, Andrii |
| author_facet | Vakhnovskyi, Andrii |
| contents | We present a dual-radio hierarchical mesh architecture for infrastructure-free emergency communication that exploits the complementary strengths of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and LoRa. Nodes equipped with both an nRF52840 (BLE 5.0 Coded PHY) and an SX1262 (LoRa sub-GHz) form local clusters via BLE advertising-based AODV routing, while dynamically elected cluster heads bridge inter-cluster traffic over a LoRa backbone. We derive a formal traffic offloading model showing that with locality bias beta >= 0.76, validated against search-and-rescue communication patterns, the architecture keeps 82-90% of traffic on BLE, reducing LoRa energy consumption by 79% compared to LoRa-only mesh. Analytical evaluation demonstrates 10 km+ network diameter, 250-562 node scalability, and sub-50 ms intra-cluster latency on a 3.0 KB RAM footprint. To our knowledge, this is the first architecture combining BLE advertising-based mesh routing with a multi-hop LoRa backbone on commodity hardware. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_15532 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Dual-Radio BLE-LoRa Hierarchical Mesh for Infrastructure-Free Emergency Communication Vakhnovskyi, Andrii Systems and Control We present a dual-radio hierarchical mesh architecture for infrastructure-free emergency communication that exploits the complementary strengths of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and LoRa. Nodes equipped with both an nRF52840 (BLE 5.0 Coded PHY) and an SX1262 (LoRa sub-GHz) form local clusters via BLE advertising-based AODV routing, while dynamically elected cluster heads bridge inter-cluster traffic over a LoRa backbone. We derive a formal traffic offloading model showing that with locality bias beta >= 0.76, validated against search-and-rescue communication patterns, the architecture keeps 82-90% of traffic on BLE, reducing LoRa energy consumption by 79% compared to LoRa-only mesh. Analytical evaluation demonstrates 10 km+ network diameter, 250-562 node scalability, and sub-50 ms intra-cluster latency on a 3.0 KB RAM footprint. To our knowledge, this is the first architecture combining BLE advertising-based mesh routing with a multi-hop LoRa backbone on commodity hardware. |
| title | Dual-Radio BLE-LoRa Hierarchical Mesh for Infrastructure-Free Emergency Communication |
| topic | Systems and Control |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.15532 |