Learning Behaviorally Grounded Item Embeddings via Personalized Temporal Contexts

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Sereicikas, Rafael T., Pires, Pedro R., Azevedo, Gregorio F., Almeida, Tiago A.
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2026
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author Sereicikas, Rafael T.
Pires, Pedro R.
Azevedo, Gregorio F.
Almeida, Tiago A.
author_facet Sereicikas, Rafael T.
Pires, Pedro R.
Azevedo, Gregorio F.
Almeida, Tiago A.
contents Effective user modeling requires distinguishing between short-term and long-term preference evolution. While item embeddings have become a key component of recommender systems, standard approaches like Item2Vec treat user histories as unordered sets (bag-of-items), implicitly assuming that interactions separated by minutes are as semantically related as those separated by months. This simplification flattens the rich temporal structure of user behavior, obscuring the distinction between coherent consumption sessions and gradual interest drifts. In this work, we introduce TAI2Vec (Time-Aware Item-to-Vector), a family of lightweight embedding models that integrates temporal proximity directly into the representation learning process. Unlike approaches that apply global time constraints, TAI2Vec is user-adaptive, tailoring its temporal definitions to individual interaction paces. We propose two complementary strategies: TAI2Vec-Disc, which utilizes personalized anomaly detection to dynamically segment interactions into semantic sessions, and TAI2Vec-Cont, which employs continuous, user-specific decay functions to weigh item relationships based on their relative temporal distance. Experimental results across eight diverse datasets demonstrate that TAI2Vec consistently produces more accurate and behaviorally grounded representations than static baselines, achieving competitive or superior performance in over 80% of the datasets, with improvements of up to 135%. The source code is publicly available at https://github.com/UFSCar-LaSID/tai2vec.
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publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Learning Behaviorally Grounded Item Embeddings via Personalized Temporal Contexts
Sereicikas, Rafael T.
Pires, Pedro R.
Azevedo, Gregorio F.
Almeida, Tiago A.
Information Retrieval
Machine Learning
Effective user modeling requires distinguishing between short-term and long-term preference evolution. While item embeddings have become a key component of recommender systems, standard approaches like Item2Vec treat user histories as unordered sets (bag-of-items), implicitly assuming that interactions separated by minutes are as semantically related as those separated by months. This simplification flattens the rich temporal structure of user behavior, obscuring the distinction between coherent consumption sessions and gradual interest drifts. In this work, we introduce TAI2Vec (Time-Aware Item-to-Vector), a family of lightweight embedding models that integrates temporal proximity directly into the representation learning process. Unlike approaches that apply global time constraints, TAI2Vec is user-adaptive, tailoring its temporal definitions to individual interaction paces. We propose two complementary strategies: TAI2Vec-Disc, which utilizes personalized anomaly detection to dynamically segment interactions into semantic sessions, and TAI2Vec-Cont, which employs continuous, user-specific decay functions to weigh item relationships based on their relative temporal distance. Experimental results across eight diverse datasets demonstrate that TAI2Vec consistently produces more accurate and behaviorally grounded representations than static baselines, achieving competitive or superior performance in over 80% of the datasets, with improvements of up to 135%. The source code is publicly available at https://github.com/UFSCar-LaSID/tai2vec.
title Learning Behaviorally Grounded Item Embeddings via Personalized Temporal Contexts
topic Information Retrieval
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.15581