Structured Abductive-Deductive-Inductive Reasoning for LLMs via Algebraic Invariants

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Gilda, Sankalp, Gilda, Shlok
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Gilda, Sankalp
Gilda, Shlok
author_facet Gilda, Sankalp
Gilda, Shlok
contents Large language models exhibit systematic limitations in structured logical reasoning: they conflate hypothesis generation with verification, cannot distinguish conjecture from validated knowledge, and allow weak reasoning steps to propagate unchecked through inference chains. We present a symbolic reasoning scaffold that operationalizes Peirce's tripartite inference -- abduction, deduction, and induction -- as an explicit protocol for LLM-assisted reasoning. The framework enforces logical consistency through five algebraic invariants (the Gamma Quintet), the strongest of which -- the Weakest Link bound -- ensures that no conclusion in a reasoning chain can exceed the reliability of its least-supported premise. This principle, independently grounded as weakest link resolution in possibilistic logic and empirically validated for chain-of-thought reasoning, prevents logical inconsistencies from accumulating across multi-step inference. We verify all invariants through a property-based testing suite of 100 properties and 16 fuzz tests over 10^5+ generated cases, providing a verified reference implementation of the invariants suitable as a foundation for future reasoning benchmarks.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_15727
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Structured Abductive-Deductive-Inductive Reasoning for LLMs via Algebraic Invariants
Gilda, Sankalp
Gilda, Shlok
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
Logic in Computer Science
Large language models exhibit systematic limitations in structured logical reasoning: they conflate hypothesis generation with verification, cannot distinguish conjecture from validated knowledge, and allow weak reasoning steps to propagate unchecked through inference chains. We present a symbolic reasoning scaffold that operationalizes Peirce's tripartite inference -- abduction, deduction, and induction -- as an explicit protocol for LLM-assisted reasoning. The framework enforces logical consistency through five algebraic invariants (the Gamma Quintet), the strongest of which -- the Weakest Link bound -- ensures that no conclusion in a reasoning chain can exceed the reliability of its least-supported premise. This principle, independently grounded as weakest link resolution in possibilistic logic and empirically validated for chain-of-thought reasoning, prevents logical inconsistencies from accumulating across multi-step inference. We verify all invariants through a property-based testing suite of 100 properties and 16 fuzz tests over 10^5+ generated cases, providing a verified reference implementation of the invariants suitable as a foundation for future reasoning benchmarks.
title Structured Abductive-Deductive-Inductive Reasoning for LLMs via Algebraic Invariants
topic Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
Logic in Computer Science
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.15727