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Main Authors: Budde, Thea, Marinković, Marina Kristć, Barros, Joao C. Pinto
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.15820
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author Budde, Thea
Marinković, Marina Kristć
Barros, Joao C. Pinto
author_facet Budde, Thea
Marinković, Marina Kristć
Barros, Joao C. Pinto
contents The Hamiltonian formulation of lattice gauge theories plays a central role in quantum simulations of gauge theories, and understanding their spectrum and other properties is expected to become crucial in the upcoming years. The relevant Hamiltonians in this framework possess local symmetry at each lattice site and may exhibit higher-form symmetries. There are then an exponentially large number of dynamically disconnected symmetry sectors, most of which are not translation-invariant. An exponential number of dynamically disconnected sectors, i.e., Hilbert space fragmentation, can also occur in systems in which no such symmetries have been identified. In this contribution, we describe an emergent gauge symmetry that is valid only in a subset of sectors of the fragmented $S=1$ dipole-conserving spin chain. These non-invertible symmetries can label exponentially many of the model's sectors. Simulating this Hamiltonian, which is not gauge-invariant, yields an exact quantum simulation of a gauge theory.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_15820
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Hilbert Space Fragmentation and Gauge Symmetry
Budde, Thea
Marinković, Marina Kristć
Barros, Joao C. Pinto
High Energy Physics - Lattice
Statistical Mechanics
High Energy Physics - Theory
Quantum Physics
The Hamiltonian formulation of lattice gauge theories plays a central role in quantum simulations of gauge theories, and understanding their spectrum and other properties is expected to become crucial in the upcoming years. The relevant Hamiltonians in this framework possess local symmetry at each lattice site and may exhibit higher-form symmetries. There are then an exponentially large number of dynamically disconnected symmetry sectors, most of which are not translation-invariant. An exponential number of dynamically disconnected sectors, i.e., Hilbert space fragmentation, can also occur in systems in which no such symmetries have been identified. In this contribution, we describe an emergent gauge symmetry that is valid only in a subset of sectors of the fragmented $S=1$ dipole-conserving spin chain. These non-invertible symmetries can label exponentially many of the model's sectors. Simulating this Hamiltonian, which is not gauge-invariant, yields an exact quantum simulation of a gauge theory.
title Hilbert Space Fragmentation and Gauge Symmetry
topic High Energy Physics - Lattice
Statistical Mechanics
High Energy Physics - Theory
Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.15820