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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2026
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.15994 |
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| _version_ | 1866911618193948672 |
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| author | Xu, Qiang Bai, Shengyuan Wang, Yu Cao, He Chen, Leqing Liu, Yuanyuan Feng, Bin Liu, Zijing Li, Yu |
| author_facet | Xu, Qiang Bai, Shengyuan Wang, Yu Cao, He Chen, Leqing Liu, Yuanyuan Feng, Bin Liu, Zijing Li, Yu |
| contents | Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel at recognizing individual visual elements and reasoning over simple linear diagrams. However, when faced with complex topological structures involving branching paths, converging flows, and cyclic dependencies, their reasoning capabilities degrade sharply, even on tasks as basic as counting endpoints. Existing benchmarks fail to probe this gap, focusing on semantic comprehension rather than structural reasoning. We introduce ReactBench, a benchmark that reveals fundamental limitations in structural reasoning through chemical reaction diagrams. These real-world scientific diagrams offer an ideal testbed because they naturally span diverse structures from linear chains to cyclic graphs, while requiring both precise local recognition and coherent global reasoning. Our benchmark comprises 1,618 expert-annotated QA pairs across four hierarchical task dimensions. Extensive evaluation across 17 MLLMs reveals a significant performance gap exceeding 30% between anchor-based tasks and holistic structural reasoning tasks. Controlled ablations confirm this bottleneck lies in reasoning, not perception. These findings expose a fundamental deficit in structural understanding and establish directions for advancing visual reasoning. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_15994 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | ReactBench: A Benchmark for Topological Reasoning in MLLMs on Chemical Reaction Diagrams Xu, Qiang Bai, Shengyuan Wang, Yu Cao, He Chen, Leqing Liu, Yuanyuan Feng, Bin Liu, Zijing Li, Yu Artificial Intelligence Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel at recognizing individual visual elements and reasoning over simple linear diagrams. However, when faced with complex topological structures involving branching paths, converging flows, and cyclic dependencies, their reasoning capabilities degrade sharply, even on tasks as basic as counting endpoints. Existing benchmarks fail to probe this gap, focusing on semantic comprehension rather than structural reasoning. We introduce ReactBench, a benchmark that reveals fundamental limitations in structural reasoning through chemical reaction diagrams. These real-world scientific diagrams offer an ideal testbed because they naturally span diverse structures from linear chains to cyclic graphs, while requiring both precise local recognition and coherent global reasoning. Our benchmark comprises 1,618 expert-annotated QA pairs across four hierarchical task dimensions. Extensive evaluation across 17 MLLMs reveals a significant performance gap exceeding 30% between anchor-based tasks and holistic structural reasoning tasks. Controlled ablations confirm this bottleneck lies in reasoning, not perception. These findings expose a fundamental deficit in structural understanding and establish directions for advancing visual reasoning. |
| title | ReactBench: A Benchmark for Topological Reasoning in MLLMs on Chemical Reaction Diagrams |
| topic | Artificial Intelligence |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.15994 |