"When I see Jodie, I feel relaxed": Examining the Impact of a Virtual Supporter in Remote Psychotherapy

Fuente: arXiv
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Hauptverfasser: Cao, Jiashuo, Li, Chen, Gao, Wujie, Hoermann, Simon, Baghaei, Nilufar, Billinghurst, Mark
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
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author Cao, Jiashuo
Li, Chen
Gao, Wujie
Hoermann, Simon
Baghaei, Nilufar
Billinghurst, Mark
author_facet Cao, Jiashuo
Li, Chen
Gao, Wujie
Hoermann, Simon
Baghaei, Nilufar
Billinghurst, Mark
contents Virtual agents have shown promising potential in mental health applications, but current research has predominantly focused on contexts outside of traditional therapy sessions. This paper examines the impact of a virtual supporter in remote psychotherapy sessions conducted via Zoom. We used a two-phase research approach. First we conducted a formative study to understand the roles and functions of human supporters in psychotherapy contexts. Based on these findings, we developed a virtual supporter operating in two modes: Daily Mode (for mood journaling outside therapy) and Therapy Mode (as an additional participant in Zoom therapy sessions). Finally we ran a user study with 14 participants who engaged with the virtual supporter for a week and then joined a remote psychotherapy session together. Our findings revealed that the virtual supporter had positive effects on creating psychological safety, reducing anxiety, and enhancing emotional articulation without disrupting the therapeutic process. We then discussed both the benefits and potential disadvantages of virtual supporters in therapeutic contexts, including concerns about over-reliance and the need for appropriate boundaries. This research contributes to understanding how AI-driven virtual agents could contribute to human-led remote psychotherapy.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_16003
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle "When I see Jodie, I feel relaxed": Examining the Impact of a Virtual Supporter in Remote Psychotherapy
Cao, Jiashuo
Li, Chen
Gao, Wujie
Hoermann, Simon
Baghaei, Nilufar
Billinghurst, Mark
Human-Computer Interaction
Virtual agents have shown promising potential in mental health applications, but current research has predominantly focused on contexts outside of traditional therapy sessions. This paper examines the impact of a virtual supporter in remote psychotherapy sessions conducted via Zoom. We used a two-phase research approach. First we conducted a formative study to understand the roles and functions of human supporters in psychotherapy contexts. Based on these findings, we developed a virtual supporter operating in two modes: Daily Mode (for mood journaling outside therapy) and Therapy Mode (as an additional participant in Zoom therapy sessions). Finally we ran a user study with 14 participants who engaged with the virtual supporter for a week and then joined a remote psychotherapy session together. Our findings revealed that the virtual supporter had positive effects on creating psychological safety, reducing anxiety, and enhancing emotional articulation without disrupting the therapeutic process. We then discussed both the benefits and potential disadvantages of virtual supporters in therapeutic contexts, including concerns about over-reliance and the need for appropriate boundaries. This research contributes to understanding how AI-driven virtual agents could contribute to human-led remote psychotherapy.
title "When I see Jodie, I feel relaxed": Examining the Impact of a Virtual Supporter in Remote Psychotherapy
topic Human-Computer Interaction
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.16003