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Hauptverfasser: Usta, Mahir Burak, Aydogan, Didem, Vinogradov, Evgenii, Shahmoradi, Mohammad, Alarcon, Eduard, Abadal, Sergi, Tokgoz, Korkut Kaan
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
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Online-Zugang:https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.16020
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author Usta, Mahir Burak
Aydogan, Didem
Vinogradov, Evgenii
Shahmoradi, Mohammad
Alarcon, Eduard
Abadal, Sergi
Tokgoz, Korkut Kaan
author_facet Usta, Mahir Burak
Aydogan, Didem
Vinogradov, Evgenii
Shahmoradi, Mohammad
Alarcon, Eduard
Abadal, Sergi
Tokgoz, Korkut Kaan
contents This paper presents a comprehensive link budget analysis for millimeter wave (mm-Wave) and sub-Terahertz (sub-THz) communication systems with primary focus on transmitter (TX) noise propagation, an often overlooked impairment that can dominate in scenarios where path loss is insufficient to suppress TX noise below receiver thermal and atmospheric molecular noise levels. Unlike traditional thermal noise limited analyses, this work demonstrates that TX noise is amplified by component noise figures that degrade significantly with frequency, rising from single digits to more than $15\,\mathrm{dB}$ in the sub-THz range. In the scenarios analyzed, this propagated TX noise reduces the achievable Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) by approximately $15$ to $25\,\mathrm{dB}$ at short distances, creating fundamental SNR ceilings at ranges below about $10\,\mathrm{cm}$. We develop a systematic framework quantifying TX noise dominance conditions as functions of distance, frequency, and component parameters, revealing fundamental performance constraints for short-range next generation wireless systems. Our findings indicate that the TX noise figure should be as low as possible for short-range communication, and both TX noise and atmospheric molecular noise should be considered for medium- and long-range links.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_16020
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Transmitter Noise Propagation in Millimeter-Wave and Sub-Terahertz: From Limits to Design Guidelines
Usta, Mahir Burak
Aydogan, Didem
Vinogradov, Evgenii
Shahmoradi, Mohammad
Alarcon, Eduard
Abadal, Sergi
Tokgoz, Korkut Kaan
Signal Processing
This paper presents a comprehensive link budget analysis for millimeter wave (mm-Wave) and sub-Terahertz (sub-THz) communication systems with primary focus on transmitter (TX) noise propagation, an often overlooked impairment that can dominate in scenarios where path loss is insufficient to suppress TX noise below receiver thermal and atmospheric molecular noise levels. Unlike traditional thermal noise limited analyses, this work demonstrates that TX noise is amplified by component noise figures that degrade significantly with frequency, rising from single digits to more than $15\,\mathrm{dB}$ in the sub-THz range. In the scenarios analyzed, this propagated TX noise reduces the achievable Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) by approximately $15$ to $25\,\mathrm{dB}$ at short distances, creating fundamental SNR ceilings at ranges below about $10\,\mathrm{cm}$. We develop a systematic framework quantifying TX noise dominance conditions as functions of distance, frequency, and component parameters, revealing fundamental performance constraints for short-range next generation wireless systems. Our findings indicate that the TX noise figure should be as low as possible for short-range communication, and both TX noise and atmospheric molecular noise should be considered for medium- and long-range links.
title Transmitter Noise Propagation in Millimeter-Wave and Sub-Terahertz: From Limits to Design Guidelines
topic Signal Processing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.16020