Human Cognition in Machines: A Unified Perspective of World Models

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Rupprecht, Timothy, Zhao, Pu, Taherin, Amir, Akbari, Arash, Akbari, Arman, He, Yumei, Duffy, Sean, Lin, Juyi, Chen, Yixiao, Chowdhury, Rahul, Nan, Enfu, Shen, Yixin, Cao, Yifan, Zeng, Haochen, Chen, Weiwei, Yuan, Geng, Dy, Jennifer, Ostadabbas, Sarah, Zhang, Silvia, Kaeli, David, Yeh, Edmund, Wang, Yanzhi
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Rupprecht, Timothy
Zhao, Pu
Taherin, Amir
Akbari, Arash
Akbari, Arman
He, Yumei
Duffy, Sean
Lin, Juyi
Chen, Yixiao
Chowdhury, Rahul
Nan, Enfu
Shen, Yixin
Cao, Yifan
Zeng, Haochen
Chen, Weiwei
Yuan, Geng
Dy, Jennifer
Ostadabbas, Sarah
Zhang, Silvia
Kaeli, David
Yeh, Edmund
Wang, Yanzhi
author_facet Rupprecht, Timothy
Zhao, Pu
Taherin, Amir
Akbari, Arash
Akbari, Arman
He, Yumei
Duffy, Sean
Lin, Juyi
Chen, Yixiao
Chowdhury, Rahul
Nan, Enfu
Shen, Yixin
Cao, Yifan
Zeng, Haochen
Chen, Weiwei
Yuan, Geng
Dy, Jennifer
Ostadabbas, Sarah
Zhang, Silvia
Kaeli, David
Yeh, Edmund
Wang, Yanzhi
contents This comprehensive report distinguishes prior works by the cognitive functions they innovate. Many works claim an almost "human-like" cognitive capability in their world models. To evaluate these claims requires a proper grounding in first principles in Cognitive Architecture Theory (CAT). We present a conceptual unified framework for world models that fully incorporates all the cognitive functions associated with CAT (i.e. memory, perception, language, reasoning, imagining, motivation, and meta-cognition) and identify gaps in the research as a guide for future states of the art. In particular, we find that motivation (especially intrinsic motivation) and meta-cognition remain drastically under-researched, and we propose concrete directions informed by active inference and global workspace theory to address them. We further introduce Epistemic World Models, a new category encompassing agent frameworks for scientific discovery that operate over structured knowledge. Our taxonomy, applied across video, embodied, and epistemic world models, suggests research directions where prior taxonomies have not.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_16592
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Human Cognition in Machines: A Unified Perspective of World Models
Rupprecht, Timothy
Zhao, Pu
Taherin, Amir
Akbari, Arash
Akbari, Arman
He, Yumei
Duffy, Sean
Lin, Juyi
Chen, Yixiao
Chowdhury, Rahul
Nan, Enfu
Shen, Yixin
Cao, Yifan
Zeng, Haochen
Chen, Weiwei
Yuan, Geng
Dy, Jennifer
Ostadabbas, Sarah
Zhang, Silvia
Kaeli, David
Yeh, Edmund
Wang, Yanzhi
Robotics
Artificial Intelligence
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Emerging Technologies
This comprehensive report distinguishes prior works by the cognitive functions they innovate. Many works claim an almost "human-like" cognitive capability in their world models. To evaluate these claims requires a proper grounding in first principles in Cognitive Architecture Theory (CAT). We present a conceptual unified framework for world models that fully incorporates all the cognitive functions associated with CAT (i.e. memory, perception, language, reasoning, imagining, motivation, and meta-cognition) and identify gaps in the research as a guide for future states of the art. In particular, we find that motivation (especially intrinsic motivation) and meta-cognition remain drastically under-researched, and we propose concrete directions informed by active inference and global workspace theory to address them. We further introduce Epistemic World Models, a new category encompassing agent frameworks for scientific discovery that operate over structured knowledge. Our taxonomy, applied across video, embodied, and epistemic world models, suggests research directions where prior taxonomies have not.
title Human Cognition in Machines: A Unified Perspective of World Models
topic Robotics
Artificial Intelligence
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Emerging Technologies
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.16592