Old Universe, Young SNe Ia: A Statistical Analysis of Type Ia Supernova Progenitor Age from 6,983 TITAN Host Galaxies, and Implications for Cosmology
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2026
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| author | Murakami, Yukei Tweddle, Jack Wiseman, Phil Jha, Saurabh Riess, Adam Smartt, Stephen Vincenzi, Maria Pallathadka, Gautham Adamane Brout, Dillon Jones, David Scolnic, Daniel Marlin, Elijah Popovic, Brodie Galbany, Lluís Schmidt, Brian Zhang, Keto Dixon, Mitchell Larison, Conor Ferguson, Henry Filippenko, Alexei |
| author_facet | Murakami, Yukei Tweddle, Jack Wiseman, Phil Jha, Saurabh Riess, Adam Smartt, Stephen Vincenzi, Maria Pallathadka, Gautham Adamane Brout, Dillon Jones, David Scolnic, Daniel Marlin, Elijah Popovic, Brodie Galbany, Lluís Schmidt, Brian Zhang, Keto Dixon, Mitchell Larison, Conor Ferguson, Henry Filippenko, Alexei |
| contents | Correlations between standardized Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) luminosities and host-galaxy properties are routinely modeled to avoid bias in cosmological parameter inference. A recent hypothesis attributes these correlations to progenitor-age variations and, combined with a strong ($\sim$5-6 Gyr) age evolution between low- and high-redshift samples, could alter cosmological conclusions. We test this scenario using the SN Ia host galaxies of TITAN DR1, the largest low-redshift sample of its kind to date (6,983 hosts; 0 $\lesssim$ z $\lesssim$ 0.15). Progenitor ages are estimated by combining host-galaxy star-formation histories (SFHs) with empirical delay-time distributions. The SFHs are constrained via spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting of photometry spanning ultraviolet (UV) to mid-infrared (MIR) wavelengths, enabling robust separation of dusty star-forming and quiescent systems. The resulting progenitor-age distribution has a mean of 3.5 Gyr, substantially younger than predicted by strong-evolution models. It is strongly peaked near 2.2 Gyr, predominantly from star-forming hosts (60% of the sample), with a smaller, broader component centered near 6.0 Gyr from quiescent systems. Restricting to high-mass galaxies (in order to isolate progenitor effects from the mass-step), the age difference between host types reduces to 3.3 Gyr which, under the age-dependence hypothesis, would imply a 0.10 mag luminosity offset, inconsistent with observed standardized magnitudes. We infer a modest 1.5 Gyr evolution in mean progenitor age over cosmic time which, combined with observed age-Hubble-residual (HR) relations, yields a maximum redshift-dependent bias of $Δ$HR = $-0.007^{+0.012}_{-0.014}$ mag, consistent with zero. We find no evidence for a large, unmodeled progenitor-age systematic beyond what is already captured, to good approximation, by standard host-mass corrections. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_16597 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Old Universe, Young SNe Ia: A Statistical Analysis of Type Ia Supernova Progenitor Age from 6,983 TITAN Host Galaxies, and Implications for Cosmology Murakami, Yukei Tweddle, Jack Wiseman, Phil Jha, Saurabh Riess, Adam Smartt, Stephen Vincenzi, Maria Pallathadka, Gautham Adamane Brout, Dillon Jones, David Scolnic, Daniel Marlin, Elijah Popovic, Brodie Galbany, Lluís Schmidt, Brian Zhang, Keto Dixon, Mitchell Larison, Conor Ferguson, Henry Filippenko, Alexei Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics Astrophysics of Galaxies Correlations between standardized Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) luminosities and host-galaxy properties are routinely modeled to avoid bias in cosmological parameter inference. A recent hypothesis attributes these correlations to progenitor-age variations and, combined with a strong ($\sim$5-6 Gyr) age evolution between low- and high-redshift samples, could alter cosmological conclusions. We test this scenario using the SN Ia host galaxies of TITAN DR1, the largest low-redshift sample of its kind to date (6,983 hosts; 0 $\lesssim$ z $\lesssim$ 0.15). Progenitor ages are estimated by combining host-galaxy star-formation histories (SFHs) with empirical delay-time distributions. The SFHs are constrained via spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting of photometry spanning ultraviolet (UV) to mid-infrared (MIR) wavelengths, enabling robust separation of dusty star-forming and quiescent systems. The resulting progenitor-age distribution has a mean of 3.5 Gyr, substantially younger than predicted by strong-evolution models. It is strongly peaked near 2.2 Gyr, predominantly from star-forming hosts (60% of the sample), with a smaller, broader component centered near 6.0 Gyr from quiescent systems. Restricting to high-mass galaxies (in order to isolate progenitor effects from the mass-step), the age difference between host types reduces to 3.3 Gyr which, under the age-dependence hypothesis, would imply a 0.10 mag luminosity offset, inconsistent with observed standardized magnitudes. We infer a modest 1.5 Gyr evolution in mean progenitor age over cosmic time which, combined with observed age-Hubble-residual (HR) relations, yields a maximum redshift-dependent bias of $Δ$HR = $-0.007^{+0.012}_{-0.014}$ mag, consistent with zero. We find no evidence for a large, unmodeled progenitor-age systematic beyond what is already captured, to good approximation, by standard host-mass corrections. |
| title | Old Universe, Young SNe Ia: A Statistical Analysis of Type Ia Supernova Progenitor Age from 6,983 TITAN Host Galaxies, and Implications for Cosmology |
| topic | Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.16597 |