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Main Authors: Xu, Ruiyao, Parmar, Mihir, Yang, Tiankai, Hu, Zhengyu, Zhao, Yue, Ding, Kaize
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.17501
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author Xu, Ruiyao
Parmar, Mihir
Yang, Tiankai
Hu, Zhengyu
Zhao, Yue
Ding, Kaize
author_facet Xu, Ruiyao
Parmar, Mihir
Yang, Tiankai
Hu, Zhengyu
Zhao, Yue
Ding, Kaize
contents Learning from preference-based feedback has become an effective approach for aligning LLMs across diverse tasks. However, high-quality human-annotated preference data remains expensive and scarce. Existing methods address this challenge through either self-rewarding, which scales by using purely AI-generated labels but risks unreliability, or active learning, which ensures quality through oracle annotation but cannot fully leverage unlabeled data. In this paper, we present CoAct, a novel framework that synergistically combines self-rewarding and active learning through strategic human-AI collaboration. CoAct leverages self-consistency to identify both reliable self-labeled data and samples that require oracle verification. Additionally, oracle feedback guides the model to generate new instructions within its solvable capability. Evaluated on three reasoning benchmarks across two model families, CoAct achieves average improvements of +13.25% on GSM8K, +8.19% on MATH, and +13.16% on WebInstruct, consistently outperforming all baselines.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_17501
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle CoAct: Co-Active LLM Preference Learning with Human-AI Synergy
Xu, Ruiyao
Parmar, Mihir
Yang, Tiankai
Hu, Zhengyu
Zhao, Yue
Ding, Kaize
Computation and Language
Learning from preference-based feedback has become an effective approach for aligning LLMs across diverse tasks. However, high-quality human-annotated preference data remains expensive and scarce. Existing methods address this challenge through either self-rewarding, which scales by using purely AI-generated labels but risks unreliability, or active learning, which ensures quality through oracle annotation but cannot fully leverage unlabeled data. In this paper, we present CoAct, a novel framework that synergistically combines self-rewarding and active learning through strategic human-AI collaboration. CoAct leverages self-consistency to identify both reliable self-labeled data and samples that require oracle verification. Additionally, oracle feedback guides the model to generate new instructions within its solvable capability. Evaluated on three reasoning benchmarks across two model families, CoAct achieves average improvements of +13.25% on GSM8K, +8.19% on MATH, and +13.16% on WebInstruct, consistently outperforming all baselines.
title CoAct: Co-Active LLM Preference Learning with Human-AI Synergy
topic Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.17501