Holography and Optimal Transport: Emergent Wasserstein Spacetime in Harmonic Oscillator, SYK and Krylov Complexity

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Hashimoto, Koji, Tanahashi, Norihiro
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Hashimoto, Koji
Tanahashi, Norihiro
author_facet Hashimoto, Koji
Tanahashi, Norihiro
contents Optimal transport and Wasserstein distance are prominent tools to quantify the space of probability distributions. From a novel viewpoint of manifold hypothesis in machine learning being a possible guide for the holographic principle, we study how holographic spacetime can emerge from quantum systems in general as a Wasserstein space through optimal transport. We employ the simplest example of a single quantum harmonic oscillator and demonstrate that, among various definitions of distance, the manifold hypothesis selects the 1-Wasserstein distance of optimal transport between Husimi Q-representations of states, and it gives rise to an emergent space. Furthermore, the Lindblad time evolution of the harmonic oscillator coupled to a bath, of the form of a Fokker-Planck equation, provides a time trajectory in the Wasserstein space, yielding an emergent Wasserstein spacetime that shares properties with black hole spacetimes and their event horizons. The methodology is applied to a Lindbladian subsystem of SYK model, revealing that the Wasserstein space is consistent with the AdS${}_2$ black hole geometry of the standard holographic dictionary. We remark that, in our examples, the 1-Wasserstein distance is identified as a generalized Krylov complexity, and argue that optimal transport with the manifold hypothesis can yield general emergent spacetimes, positioning the holographic principle on a broader basis.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_17649
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Holography and Optimal Transport: Emergent Wasserstein Spacetime in Harmonic Oscillator, SYK and Krylov Complexity
Hashimoto, Koji
Tanahashi, Norihiro
High Energy Physics - Theory
Statistical Mechanics
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Optimal transport and Wasserstein distance are prominent tools to quantify the space of probability distributions. From a novel viewpoint of manifold hypothesis in machine learning being a possible guide for the holographic principle, we study how holographic spacetime can emerge from quantum systems in general as a Wasserstein space through optimal transport. We employ the simplest example of a single quantum harmonic oscillator and demonstrate that, among various definitions of distance, the manifold hypothesis selects the 1-Wasserstein distance of optimal transport between Husimi Q-representations of states, and it gives rise to an emergent space. Furthermore, the Lindblad time evolution of the harmonic oscillator coupled to a bath, of the form of a Fokker-Planck equation, provides a time trajectory in the Wasserstein space, yielding an emergent Wasserstein spacetime that shares properties with black hole spacetimes and their event horizons. The methodology is applied to a Lindbladian subsystem of SYK model, revealing that the Wasserstein space is consistent with the AdS${}_2$ black hole geometry of the standard holographic dictionary. We remark that, in our examples, the 1-Wasserstein distance is identified as a generalized Krylov complexity, and argue that optimal transport with the manifold hypothesis can yield general emergent spacetimes, positioning the holographic principle on a broader basis.
title Holography and Optimal Transport: Emergent Wasserstein Spacetime in Harmonic Oscillator, SYK and Krylov Complexity
topic High Energy Physics - Theory
Statistical Mechanics
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.17649