Do Projects Learn Across Space and Time? Evidence from the Olympics

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Ansar, Atif, Flyvbjerg, Bent, Budzier, Alexander
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Ansar, Atif
Flyvbjerg, Bent
Budzier, Alexander
author_facet Ansar, Atif
Flyvbjerg, Bent
Budzier, Alexander
contents Do projects learn across space and time? The Olympics, among the largest publicly funded programmes in the world, offer a unique empirical setting. Theoretically, the Games seem ideal for generating "positive learning curves," driving down costs from one iteration to the next. In practice, they do not. Drawing on the concept of "myopia of learning," we argue that spatiotemporality (geographic distance, temporal gaps, and the temporary organisational form of each host committee) combines to block higher-level learning. Our analysis of cost overruns from 1960 to 2024 reveals no sustained improvement over 64 years. Tactical learning abounds, but none aggregates into strategic improvement. We propose four strategies for overcoming the spatiotemporal barrier (incremental, centralising, decentralising, and real options), arguing that radical reform is required.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_17970
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Do Projects Learn Across Space and Time? Evidence from the Olympics
Ansar, Atif
Flyvbjerg, Bent
Budzier, Alexander
Physics and Society
General Economics
Economics
Do projects learn across space and time? The Olympics, among the largest publicly funded programmes in the world, offer a unique empirical setting. Theoretically, the Games seem ideal for generating "positive learning curves," driving down costs from one iteration to the next. In practice, they do not. Drawing on the concept of "myopia of learning," we argue that spatiotemporality (geographic distance, temporal gaps, and the temporary organisational form of each host committee) combines to block higher-level learning. Our analysis of cost overruns from 1960 to 2024 reveals no sustained improvement over 64 years. Tactical learning abounds, but none aggregates into strategic improvement. We propose four strategies for overcoming the spatiotemporal barrier (incremental, centralising, decentralising, and real options), arguing that radical reform is required.
title Do Projects Learn Across Space and Time? Evidence from the Olympics
topic Physics and Society
General Economics
Economics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.17970