Reasoning Models Know What's Important, and Encode It in Their Activations

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Main Authors: Nikankin, Yaniv, Tutek, Martin, Ashuach, Tomer, Rosenfeld, Jonathan, Belinkov, Yonatan
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Nikankin, Yaniv
Tutek, Martin
Ashuach, Tomer
Rosenfeld, Jonathan
Belinkov, Yonatan
author_facet Nikankin, Yaniv
Tutek, Martin
Ashuach, Tomer
Rosenfeld, Jonathan
Belinkov, Yonatan
contents Language models often solve complex tasks by generating long reasoning chains, consisting of many steps with varying importance. While some steps are crucial for generating the final answer, others are removable. Determining which steps matter most, and why, remains an open question central to understanding how models process reasoning. We investigate if this question is best approached through model internals or through tokens of the reasoning chain itself. We find that model activations contain more information than tokens for identifying important reasoning steps. Crucially, by training probes on model activations to predict importance, we show that models encode an internal representation of step importance, even prior to the generation of subsequent steps. This internal representation of importance generalizes across models, is distributed across layers, and does not correlate with surface-level features, such as a step's relative position or its length. Our findings suggest that analyzing activations can reveal aspects of reasoning that surface-level approaches fundamentally miss, indicating that reasoning analyses should look into model internals.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_18307
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Reasoning Models Know What's Important, and Encode It in Their Activations
Nikankin, Yaniv
Tutek, Martin
Ashuach, Tomer
Rosenfeld, Jonathan
Belinkov, Yonatan
Computation and Language
68T5
I.2.7
Language models often solve complex tasks by generating long reasoning chains, consisting of many steps with varying importance. While some steps are crucial for generating the final answer, others are removable. Determining which steps matter most, and why, remains an open question central to understanding how models process reasoning. We investigate if this question is best approached through model internals or through tokens of the reasoning chain itself. We find that model activations contain more information than tokens for identifying important reasoning steps. Crucially, by training probes on model activations to predict importance, we show that models encode an internal representation of step importance, even prior to the generation of subsequent steps. This internal representation of importance generalizes across models, is distributed across layers, and does not correlate with surface-level features, such as a step's relative position or its length. Our findings suggest that analyzing activations can reveal aspects of reasoning that surface-level approaches fundamentally miss, indicating that reasoning analyses should look into model internals.
title Reasoning Models Know What's Important, and Encode It in Their Activations
topic Computation and Language
68T5
I.2.7
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.18307