Active-region Modulation of Subsurface Meridional Flows and Magnetic Flux Transport on the Sun

Fuente: arXiv
Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Sen, Anisha, Rajaguru, S. P., Chen, Ruizhu, Zhao, Junwei, Kholikov, Shukur
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1866911608433803264
author Sen, Anisha
Rajaguru, S. P.
Chen, Ruizhu
Zhao, Junwei
Kholikov, Shukur
author_facet Sen, Anisha
Rajaguru, S. P.
Chen, Ruizhu
Zhao, Junwei
Kholikov, Shukur
contents Using time-distance helioseismology applied to 14-years of SDO/HMI observations spanning solar cycle 24 and rising phase of cycle 25, we present evidence that meridional flows in the lower half of the near-surface shear layer (NSSL), modulated by active-region magnetic fields, play a central role in the episodic global transport of magnetic flux. In particular, polar field buildup is tightly linked to plasma outflows diverging from active latitudes within the deeper NSSL. The magnitude and timing of hemispheric polar field evolution are regulated by depth-dependent meridional flow, including its cross-equatorial component, responding to active-region flux asymmetries. During cycle 24 maximum, stronger southern outflows accelerated flux transport, causing the southern polar field to peak nearly four years before the northern. Global magnetic flux transport patterns in the previous three solar cycles (21, 22, and 23) show broad consistency with the deeper meridional flow modulation inferred in cycles 24 and 25. These results identify activity-dependent flow variations in deeper layers of the NSSL as a dynamically significant component of the Babcock-Leighton process that governs the generation and hemispheric asymmetry of global dipole field.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_18434
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Active-region Modulation of Subsurface Meridional Flows and Magnetic Flux Transport on the Sun
Sen, Anisha
Rajaguru, S. P.
Chen, Ruizhu
Zhao, Junwei
Kholikov, Shukur
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Using time-distance helioseismology applied to 14-years of SDO/HMI observations spanning solar cycle 24 and rising phase of cycle 25, we present evidence that meridional flows in the lower half of the near-surface shear layer (NSSL), modulated by active-region magnetic fields, play a central role in the episodic global transport of magnetic flux. In particular, polar field buildup is tightly linked to plasma outflows diverging from active latitudes within the deeper NSSL. The magnitude and timing of hemispheric polar field evolution are regulated by depth-dependent meridional flow, including its cross-equatorial component, responding to active-region flux asymmetries. During cycle 24 maximum, stronger southern outflows accelerated flux transport, causing the southern polar field to peak nearly four years before the northern. Global magnetic flux transport patterns in the previous three solar cycles (21, 22, and 23) show broad consistency with the deeper meridional flow modulation inferred in cycles 24 and 25. These results identify activity-dependent flow variations in deeper layers of the NSSL as a dynamically significant component of the Babcock-Leighton process that governs the generation and hemispheric asymmetry of global dipole field.
title Active-region Modulation of Subsurface Meridional Flows and Magnetic Flux Transport on the Sun
topic Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.18434