Quasi-Constant Modulus Design for Nonlinearity-Tolerant Geometric Shaped Four Dimensional Modulation Format

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Xiao, Junzhe, Niu, Zekun, Li, Lyu, Shi, Minghui, Hu, Weisheng, Yi, Lilin
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2026
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author Xiao, Junzhe
Niu, Zekun
Li, Lyu
Shi, Minghui
Hu, Weisheng
Yi, Lilin
author_facet Xiao, Junzhe
Niu, Zekun
Li, Lyu
Shi, Minghui
Hu, Weisheng
Yi, Lilin
contents In this paper, the quasi-constant modulus (QCM) property is analyzed and leveraged in the design of nonlinearity-tolerant four-dimensional (4D) modulation formats. Accordingly, we propose a family of QCM-based quadrature amplitude modulation (QCM-QAM) constellations with high spectral efficiencies (SEs) of 9, 11, and 13 bit/4D-sym, respectively. The quasi-constant modulus design theoretically enhances tolerance to fiber nonlinearities. Meanwhile, QCM-QAM is evaluated in an unrepeatered wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) system over both standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) and non-zero dispersion-shifted fiber (NZDSF). Across all SEs, QCM-QAM demonstrates robust nonlinear tolerance in both SSMF and NZDSF. This is evidenced by a consistent shift of the optimal launch power toward higher values and a significant improvement in effective signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). QCM-QAM also delivers generalized mutual information (GMI) gains of 0.22, 0.09, and 0.21 bit/4D-sym in SSMF, and 0.24, 0.10, and 0.22 bit/4D-sym, in NZDSF at the optimal transmission power, corresponding to the SEs of 9, 11, and 13 bit/4D-sym. Furthermore, QCM-QAM achieves transmission reach extensions of 1.6%, 0.9%, and 1.7% in SSMF, and 1.7%, 1.5%, and 1.8% in NZDSF, respectively, for the three SE levels.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_18435
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Quasi-Constant Modulus Design for Nonlinearity-Tolerant Geometric Shaped Four Dimensional Modulation Format
Xiao, Junzhe
Niu, Zekun
Li, Lyu
Shi, Minghui
Hu, Weisheng
Yi, Lilin
Signal Processing
In this paper, the quasi-constant modulus (QCM) property is analyzed and leveraged in the design of nonlinearity-tolerant four-dimensional (4D) modulation formats. Accordingly, we propose a family of QCM-based quadrature amplitude modulation (QCM-QAM) constellations with high spectral efficiencies (SEs) of 9, 11, and 13 bit/4D-sym, respectively. The quasi-constant modulus design theoretically enhances tolerance to fiber nonlinearities. Meanwhile, QCM-QAM is evaluated in an unrepeatered wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) system over both standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) and non-zero dispersion-shifted fiber (NZDSF). Across all SEs, QCM-QAM demonstrates robust nonlinear tolerance in both SSMF and NZDSF. This is evidenced by a consistent shift of the optimal launch power toward higher values and a significant improvement in effective signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). QCM-QAM also delivers generalized mutual information (GMI) gains of 0.22, 0.09, and 0.21 bit/4D-sym in SSMF, and 0.24, 0.10, and 0.22 bit/4D-sym, in NZDSF at the optimal transmission power, corresponding to the SEs of 9, 11, and 13 bit/4D-sym. Furthermore, QCM-QAM achieves transmission reach extensions of 1.6%, 0.9%, and 1.7% in SSMF, and 1.7%, 1.5%, and 1.8% in NZDSF, respectively, for the three SE levels.
title Quasi-Constant Modulus Design for Nonlinearity-Tolerant Geometric Shaped Four Dimensional Modulation Format
topic Signal Processing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.18435