pyTRAIN -- a modern TRAIN implementation

Fuente: arXiv
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Hauptverfasser: Hostettler, Michi, Buffat, Xavier, Persson, Tobias, Pieloni, Tatiana, Wenninger, Jorg
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
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author Hostettler, Michi
Buffat, Xavier
Persson, Tobias
Pieloni, Tatiana
Wenninger, Jorg
author_facet Hostettler, Michi
Buffat, Xavier
Persson, Tobias
Pieloni, Tatiana
Wenninger, Jorg
contents The TRAIN code, developed in 1995 as a post-processor for second-order transport maps from MAD, has been used extensively at the LEP and the LHC to study self-consistent closed orbits, tunes and chromaticities of bunch trains under the presence of beam-beam long-range (BBLR) and PACMAN effects.. This paper presents a modern re-implementation of the TRAIN concept in Python using well-known numeric libraries (numpy, scipy) and an optional link to MAD-X via cpymad. This greatly improves the usability, maintainability and extensibility of the code. New functionality includes the support for arbitrary particle types, an arbitrary number and distribution of beam-beam interaction points, and the extrapolation of the beam-beam induced closed-orbit effects to arbitrary points in the machine. The code is benchmarked against the classic TRAIN code, and simulation results are compared to observations from LHC physics operation.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_18466
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle pyTRAIN -- a modern TRAIN implementation
Hostettler, Michi
Buffat, Xavier
Persson, Tobias
Pieloni, Tatiana
Wenninger, Jorg
Accelerator Physics
The TRAIN code, developed in 1995 as a post-processor for second-order transport maps from MAD, has been used extensively at the LEP and the LHC to study self-consistent closed orbits, tunes and chromaticities of bunch trains under the presence of beam-beam long-range (BBLR) and PACMAN effects.. This paper presents a modern re-implementation of the TRAIN concept in Python using well-known numeric libraries (numpy, scipy) and an optional link to MAD-X via cpymad. This greatly improves the usability, maintainability and extensibility of the code. New functionality includes the support for arbitrary particle types, an arbitrary number and distribution of beam-beam interaction points, and the extrapolation of the beam-beam induced closed-orbit effects to arbitrary points in the machine. The code is benchmarked against the classic TRAIN code, and simulation results are compared to observations from LHC physics operation.
title pyTRAIN -- a modern TRAIN implementation
topic Accelerator Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.18466