_version_ 1866910184668921856
author Zador, Anthony
Fellous, Jean-Marc
Sejnowski, Terrence
Adam, Gina
Aimone, James B
Akwaboah, Akwasi
Aloimonos, Yiannis
Alonso, Carmen Amo
Bartolozzi, Chiara
Bennington, Michael J.
Berry, Michael
Brunton, Bing W.
Cauwenberghs, Gert
Chiel, Hillel J.
Delbruck, Tobi
Doyle, John
Eshraghian, Jason
Etienne-Cummings, Ralph
Fermuller, Cornelia
Jacobsen, Matthew
Minai, Ali A.
Oakley, Barbara
Ororbia II, Alexander G.
Paton, Joe
Richards, Blake
Sandamirskaya, Yulia
Sengupta, Abhronil
Shamma, Shihab
Stryker, Michael P.
Yoo, Seong Jong
Zucker, Steven W.
author_facet Zador, Anthony
Fellous, Jean-Marc
Sejnowski, Terrence
Adam, Gina
Aimone, James B
Akwaboah, Akwasi
Aloimonos, Yiannis
Alonso, Carmen Amo
Bartolozzi, Chiara
Bennington, Michael J.
Berry, Michael
Brunton, Bing W.
Cauwenberghs, Gert
Chiel, Hillel J.
Delbruck, Tobi
Doyle, John
Eshraghian, Jason
Etienne-Cummings, Ralph
Fermuller, Cornelia
Jacobsen, Matthew
Minai, Ali A.
Oakley, Barbara
Ororbia II, Alexander G.
Paton, Joe
Richards, Blake
Sandamirskaya, Yulia
Sengupta, Abhronil
Shamma, Shihab
Stryker, Michael P.
Yoo, Seong Jong
Zucker, Steven W.
contents Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have made impressive progress in recent years but remain only loosely interconnected. Based on a workshop convened by the National Science Foundation in August 2025, we identify three fundamental capability gaps in current AI: the inability to interact with the physical world, inadequate learning that produces brittle systems, and unsustainable energy and data inefficiency. We describe the neuroscience principles that address each: co-design of body and controller, prediction through interaction, multi-scale learning with neuromodulatory control, hierarchical distributed architectures, and sparse event-driven computation. We present a research roadmap organized around these principles at near, mid, and long-term horizons. We argue that realizing this program requires a new generation of researchers trained across the boundary between neuroscience and engineering, and describe the institutional conditions: interdisciplinary training, hardware access, community standards, and ethics, needed to support them. We conclude that NeuroAI, neuroscience-informed artificial intelligence, has the potential to overcome limitations of current AI while deepening our understanding of biological neural computation.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_18637
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle NeuroAI and Beyond: Bridging Between Advances in Neuroscience and ArtificialIntelligence
Zador, Anthony
Fellous, Jean-Marc
Sejnowski, Terrence
Adam, Gina
Aimone, James B
Akwaboah, Akwasi
Aloimonos, Yiannis
Alonso, Carmen Amo
Bartolozzi, Chiara
Bennington, Michael J.
Berry, Michael
Brunton, Bing W.
Cauwenberghs, Gert
Chiel, Hillel J.
Delbruck, Tobi
Doyle, John
Eshraghian, Jason
Etienne-Cummings, Ralph
Fermuller, Cornelia
Jacobsen, Matthew
Minai, Ali A.
Oakley, Barbara
Ororbia II, Alexander G.
Paton, Joe
Richards, Blake
Sandamirskaya, Yulia
Sengupta, Abhronil
Shamma, Shihab
Stryker, Michael P.
Yoo, Seong Jong
Zucker, Steven W.
Neurons and Cognition
Artificial Intelligence
Computers and Society
Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have made impressive progress in recent years but remain only loosely interconnected. Based on a workshop convened by the National Science Foundation in August 2025, we identify three fundamental capability gaps in current AI: the inability to interact with the physical world, inadequate learning that produces brittle systems, and unsustainable energy and data inefficiency. We describe the neuroscience principles that address each: co-design of body and controller, prediction through interaction, multi-scale learning with neuromodulatory control, hierarchical distributed architectures, and sparse event-driven computation. We present a research roadmap organized around these principles at near, mid, and long-term horizons. We argue that realizing this program requires a new generation of researchers trained across the boundary between neuroscience and engineering, and describe the institutional conditions: interdisciplinary training, hardware access, community standards, and ethics, needed to support them. We conclude that NeuroAI, neuroscience-informed artificial intelligence, has the potential to overcome limitations of current AI while deepening our understanding of biological neural computation.
title NeuroAI and Beyond: Bridging Between Advances in Neuroscience and ArtificialIntelligence
topic Neurons and Cognition
Artificial Intelligence
Computers and Society
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.18637