Some New Results on Energy of Graphs with Self Loops

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Popat, Kalpesh M., Shingala, Kunal R.
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2026
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author Popat, Kalpesh M.
Shingala, Kunal R.
author_facet Popat, Kalpesh M.
Shingala, Kunal R.
contents The graph $G_σ$ is obtained from graph $G$ by attaching self loops on $σ$ vertices. The energy $ E(G_σ)$ of the graph $G_σ$ with order $n$ and eigenvalues $λ_1,λ_2,\dots,λ_n$ is defined as $ E(G_σ)= \displaystyle \sum_{i=1}^n\left|λ_i-\dfracσ{n}\right| $. It has been proved that if $σ=0\; or\; n$ then $ E(G)=E(G_σ) $. The obvious question arise: Are there any graph such that $E(G)=E(G_σ)$ and 0$<σ<n$? We have found an affirmative answer of this question and contributed a graph family which satisfies this property.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_18651
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Some New Results on Energy of Graphs with Self Loops
Popat, Kalpesh M.
Shingala, Kunal R.
Combinatorics
Spectral Theory
05C50, 05C76
The graph $G_σ$ is obtained from graph $G$ by attaching self loops on $σ$ vertices. The energy $ E(G_σ)$ of the graph $G_σ$ with order $n$ and eigenvalues $λ_1,λ_2,\dots,λ_n$ is defined as $ E(G_σ)= \displaystyle \sum_{i=1}^n\left|λ_i-\dfracσ{n}\right| $. It has been proved that if $σ=0\; or\; n$ then $ E(G)=E(G_σ) $. The obvious question arise: Are there any graph such that $E(G)=E(G_σ)$ and 0$<σ<n$? We have found an affirmative answer of this question and contributed a graph family which satisfies this property.
title Some New Results on Energy of Graphs with Self Loops
topic Combinatorics
Spectral Theory
05C50, 05C76
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.18651