The Pentagon Graph Operator

Fuente: arXiv
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Hauptverfasser: Gervacio, Severino V., Maehara, Hiroshi, Ramos, Phoebe Chloe
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
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author Gervacio, Severino V.
Maehara, Hiroshi
Ramos, Phoebe Chloe
author_facet Gervacio, Severino V.
Maehara, Hiroshi
Ramos, Phoebe Chloe
contents For a graph $G$, let $\mathscr{C}_5(G)$ denote the graph whose vertices are the induced $5$-cycles of $G$, where two vertices are adjacent whenever the corresponding cycles share an edge. We investigate the iterative behavior of the pentagon graph operator $\mathscr{C}_5(G)$ , positioning it as the natural continuation of the quadrangle graph operator and the broader induced-cycle graph operator program. We construct explicit pentagon-vanishing, pentagon-periodic, and pentagon-expanding graphs. In particular, the dodecahedron and the icosahedron provide natural periodic examples, while an icosahedral tadpole-hat construction yields expanding families. Our main result proves that every graph is exactly one of three types with respect to $\mathscr{C}_5(G)$: vanishing, periodic, or expanding. The paper suggests a broader theory for the operators $C_k$ generated by induced cycles of fixed length $k$.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_18984
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The Pentagon Graph Operator
Gervacio, Severino V.
Maehara, Hiroshi
Ramos, Phoebe Chloe
Combinatorics
05C62
For a graph $G$, let $\mathscr{C}_5(G)$ denote the graph whose vertices are the induced $5$-cycles of $G$, where two vertices are adjacent whenever the corresponding cycles share an edge. We investigate the iterative behavior of the pentagon graph operator $\mathscr{C}_5(G)$ , positioning it as the natural continuation of the quadrangle graph operator and the broader induced-cycle graph operator program. We construct explicit pentagon-vanishing, pentagon-periodic, and pentagon-expanding graphs. In particular, the dodecahedron and the icosahedron provide natural periodic examples, while an icosahedral tadpole-hat construction yields expanding families. Our main result proves that every graph is exactly one of three types with respect to $\mathscr{C}_5(G)$: vanishing, periodic, or expanding. The paper suggests a broader theory for the operators $C_k$ generated by induced cycles of fixed length $k$.
title The Pentagon Graph Operator
topic Combinatorics
05C62
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.18984