Last-Iterate Guarantees for Learning in Co-coercive Games

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Hauptverfasser: Chandak, Siddharth, Tamizholi, Ramanan, Bambos, Nicholas
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
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author Chandak, Siddharth
Tamizholi, Ramanan
Bambos, Nicholas
author_facet Chandak, Siddharth
Tamizholi, Ramanan
Bambos, Nicholas
contents We establish finite-time last-iterate guarantees for vanilla stochastic gradient descent in co-coercive games under noisy feedback. This is a broad class of games that is more general than strongly monotone games, allows for multiple Nash equilibria, and includes examples such as quadratic games with negative semidefinite interaction matrices and potential games with smooth concave potentials. Prior work in this setting has relied on relative noise models, where the noise vanishes as iterates approach equilibrium, an assumption that is often unrealistic in practice. We work instead under a substantially more general noise model in which the second moment of the noise is allowed to scale affinely with the squared norm of the iterates, an assumption natural in learning with unbounded action spaces. Under this model, we prove a last-iterate bound of order $O(\log(t)/t^{1/3})$, the first such bound for co-coercive games under non-vanishing noise. We additionally establish almost sure convergence of the iterates to the set of Nash equilibria and derive time-average convergence guarantees.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_19065
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Last-Iterate Guarantees for Learning in Co-coercive Games
Chandak, Siddharth
Tamizholi, Ramanan
Bambos, Nicholas
Computer Science and Game Theory
Systems and Control
Optimization and Control
Machine Learning
We establish finite-time last-iterate guarantees for vanilla stochastic gradient descent in co-coercive games under noisy feedback. This is a broad class of games that is more general than strongly monotone games, allows for multiple Nash equilibria, and includes examples such as quadratic games with negative semidefinite interaction matrices and potential games with smooth concave potentials. Prior work in this setting has relied on relative noise models, where the noise vanishes as iterates approach equilibrium, an assumption that is often unrealistic in practice. We work instead under a substantially more general noise model in which the second moment of the noise is allowed to scale affinely with the squared norm of the iterates, an assumption natural in learning with unbounded action spaces. Under this model, we prove a last-iterate bound of order $O(\log(t)/t^{1/3})$, the first such bound for co-coercive games under non-vanishing noise. We additionally establish almost sure convergence of the iterates to the set of Nash equilibria and derive time-average convergence guarantees.
title Last-Iterate Guarantees for Learning in Co-coercive Games
topic Computer Science and Game Theory
Systems and Control
Optimization and Control
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.19065