Stable laws for heavy-tailed observables on polynomially mixing billiards

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Nicol, Matthew, Singh, Manpreet, Torok, Andrew
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Nicol, Matthew
Singh, Manpreet
Torok, Andrew
author_facet Nicol, Matthew
Singh, Manpreet
Torok, Andrew
contents We investigate the competition between two distinct mechanisms generating stable laws in deterministic dynamical systems: slow mixing of the system and heavy-tailed observables. For heavy-tailed observables on polynomially mixing billiards with cusps we show these two mechanisms interact and there is a transition, depending on the mixing exponent and the index of the heavy-tailed observable, such that the limit law is determined by either the observable or the dynamics. We prove stable limit laws for heavy-tailed observables of the form $ϕ(x)= d(x,x_0)^{-\frac{2}α}, 0< α< 2$, where $x_{0} \in \partial Q$ is a generic point on the dynamical system given by the collision map of a polynomially mixing billiard $(T, Q, μ)$ with cusps. The observable $ϕ$ has a tail of stable index $α$, i.e. $μ(|ϕ|>t) \sim t^{-α}$. The billiard systems we consider have a slow mixing rate so that suitably scaled Hölder observables on the billiard satisfy a stable law of index $1/γ$, with $γ$ a function of the flatness of the cusps. We establish stable limit laws satisfied by Birkhoff sums of $ϕ$ for the parameter range $γ\in (1/2,1)$, $α\in (0,2)$ ($α\not =1$) as a function of $γ$ and $α$. As an application, in the setting of intermittent maps, we extend the results of~\cite{CNT2025} to cover all parameter values of the map and the observable $ϕ(x)= d(x,x_0)^{-\frac{1}α}$ (which has stable index $α$ if $x_0\not =0$) in the regime $0< α< 2$, $0<γ<1$. We show if $x_0=0$, the indifferent fixed point, then the stable law has index $(\frac{1}α+γ)^{-1}$.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_19317
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Stable laws for heavy-tailed observables on polynomially mixing billiards
Nicol, Matthew
Singh, Manpreet
Torok, Andrew
Dynamical Systems
Chaotic Dynamics
We investigate the competition between two distinct mechanisms generating stable laws in deterministic dynamical systems: slow mixing of the system and heavy-tailed observables. For heavy-tailed observables on polynomially mixing billiards with cusps we show these two mechanisms interact and there is a transition, depending on the mixing exponent and the index of the heavy-tailed observable, such that the limit law is determined by either the observable or the dynamics. We prove stable limit laws for heavy-tailed observables of the form $ϕ(x)= d(x,x_0)^{-\frac{2}α}, 0< α< 2$, where $x_{0} \in \partial Q$ is a generic point on the dynamical system given by the collision map of a polynomially mixing billiard $(T, Q, μ)$ with cusps. The observable $ϕ$ has a tail of stable index $α$, i.e. $μ(|ϕ|>t) \sim t^{-α}$. The billiard systems we consider have a slow mixing rate so that suitably scaled Hölder observables on the billiard satisfy a stable law of index $1/γ$, with $γ$ a function of the flatness of the cusps. We establish stable limit laws satisfied by Birkhoff sums of $ϕ$ for the parameter range $γ\in (1/2,1)$, $α\in (0,2)$ ($α\not =1$) as a function of $γ$ and $α$. As an application, in the setting of intermittent maps, we extend the results of~\cite{CNT2025} to cover all parameter values of the map and the observable $ϕ(x)= d(x,x_0)^{-\frac{1}α}$ (which has stable index $α$ if $x_0\not =0$) in the regime $0< α< 2$, $0<γ<1$. We show if $x_0=0$, the indifferent fixed point, then the stable law has index $(\frac{1}α+γ)^{-1}$.
title Stable laws for heavy-tailed observables on polynomially mixing billiards
topic Dynamical Systems
Chaotic Dynamics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.19317