Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Bschorr, Fabian, Gebhard, Pia, Speidel, Tobias, Rasche, Volker
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.19407
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1866913051094024192
author Bschorr, Fabian
Gebhard, Pia
Speidel, Tobias
Rasche, Volker
author_facet Bschorr, Fabian
Gebhard, Pia
Speidel, Tobias
Rasche, Volker
contents Purpose: Quasi-random Sobol-based sampling schemes exhibit deterministic structural artifacts when aggressively undersampled, particularly at low encoding densities required for accelerated 2D SPI/CSI. To address these limitations, two advanced undersampling strategies are investigated to mitigate deterministic behavior, improving image quality for time-constrained applications such as hyperpolarized MRI. Methods: An optimized Sobol sequence-derived point distribution with Heaviside-type density gradient center oversampling served as the initial sampling pattern. Undersampling was performed using two point-reduction algorithms: radius-adaptive stochastic undersampling (RAST), which applies a geometric, radius-dependent minimum-distance criterion, and Bayesian Information Gain Optimization (BINGO), that removes points based on their information gain to the reconstructed image. Phantom experiments were conducted on a 3 T clinical MRI system using up to 16-fold undersampling. Image quality was quantified using a performance score derived from RMSE, SSIM, and HFEN. Results: Both RAST and BINGO outperformed deterministic undersampling across all metrics. RAST achieved highest and most robust performance, with improvements up to 238% in the averaged metric score, while BINGO yielded improvements of 133% across matrix resolutions. Conclusion: The proposed strategies effectively reduce the number of encoding points in low-discrepancy 2D SPI point distributions while maintaining image quality under strong acceleration. RAST provides superior metric performance, whereas BINGO offers broad applicability, including suitability for non-linear encoding fields. These approaches support rapid acquisition workflows required for real-time and hyperpolarized applications.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_19407
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Optimized encoding point distributions for efficient single-point imaging
Bschorr, Fabian
Gebhard, Pia
Speidel, Tobias
Rasche, Volker
Medical Physics
Purpose: Quasi-random Sobol-based sampling schemes exhibit deterministic structural artifacts when aggressively undersampled, particularly at low encoding densities required for accelerated 2D SPI/CSI. To address these limitations, two advanced undersampling strategies are investigated to mitigate deterministic behavior, improving image quality for time-constrained applications such as hyperpolarized MRI. Methods: An optimized Sobol sequence-derived point distribution with Heaviside-type density gradient center oversampling served as the initial sampling pattern. Undersampling was performed using two point-reduction algorithms: radius-adaptive stochastic undersampling (RAST), which applies a geometric, radius-dependent minimum-distance criterion, and Bayesian Information Gain Optimization (BINGO), that removes points based on their information gain to the reconstructed image. Phantom experiments were conducted on a 3 T clinical MRI system using up to 16-fold undersampling. Image quality was quantified using a performance score derived from RMSE, SSIM, and HFEN. Results: Both RAST and BINGO outperformed deterministic undersampling across all metrics. RAST achieved highest and most robust performance, with improvements up to 238% in the averaged metric score, while BINGO yielded improvements of 133% across matrix resolutions. Conclusion: The proposed strategies effectively reduce the number of encoding points in low-discrepancy 2D SPI point distributions while maintaining image quality under strong acceleration. RAST provides superior metric performance, whereas BINGO offers broad applicability, including suitability for non-linear encoding fields. These approaches support rapid acquisition workflows required for real-time and hyperpolarized applications.
title Optimized encoding point distributions for efficient single-point imaging
topic Medical Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.19407