Nonequilibrium Kramers Turnover in a Kerr Parametric Oscillator
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866917426116952064 |
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| author | Boneß, Daniel K. J. Margiani, Gabriel Belzig, Wolfgang Eichler, Alexander Zilberberg, Oded |
| author_facet | Boneß, Daniel K. J. Margiani, Gabriel Belzig, Wolfgang Eichler, Alexander Zilberberg, Oded |
| contents | Activation processes govern noise-induced switching between long-lived states. In an equilibrium double well, the thermally activated switching rate exhibits a prefactor with a nonmonotonic dependence on environmental coupling, a foundational crossover known as Kramers turnover. Here, we demonstrate a Kramers turnover analogue in a Kerr parametric oscillator, a driven-dissipative nonlinear system featuring two stable phase states. First, we analytically establish turnover physics in this out-of-equilibrium setting. There, the strong physical correlation between the activation barrier and intrinsic damping fundamentally obscures the underlying turnover physics. To overcome this limitation, we rescale the rotating-frame dynamics and introduce a tunable effective friction controlled entirely by the parametric drive. This rescaling comes at the cost of a concurrent rescaling of the effective temperature. Exploiting this simultaneous scaling, we leverage the effective temperature to extract the turnover directly from temperature-dependent observations. Subsequently, measuring noise-induced phase slips in a micro-electromechanical device, we observe a distinct crossover in the prefactor's temperature dependence. Our results unambiguously isolate the out-of-equilibrium turnover regime and highlight that the competition between dissipation and fluctuations profoundly shapes activation dynamics also beyond equilibrium. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_19527 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Nonequilibrium Kramers Turnover in a Kerr Parametric Oscillator Boneß, Daniel K. J. Margiani, Gabriel Belzig, Wolfgang Eichler, Alexander Zilberberg, Oded Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics Statistical Mechanics Classical Physics Activation processes govern noise-induced switching between long-lived states. In an equilibrium double well, the thermally activated switching rate exhibits a prefactor with a nonmonotonic dependence on environmental coupling, a foundational crossover known as Kramers turnover. Here, we demonstrate a Kramers turnover analogue in a Kerr parametric oscillator, a driven-dissipative nonlinear system featuring two stable phase states. First, we analytically establish turnover physics in this out-of-equilibrium setting. There, the strong physical correlation between the activation barrier and intrinsic damping fundamentally obscures the underlying turnover physics. To overcome this limitation, we rescale the rotating-frame dynamics and introduce a tunable effective friction controlled entirely by the parametric drive. This rescaling comes at the cost of a concurrent rescaling of the effective temperature. Exploiting this simultaneous scaling, we leverage the effective temperature to extract the turnover directly from temperature-dependent observations. Subsequently, measuring noise-induced phase slips in a micro-electromechanical device, we observe a distinct crossover in the prefactor's temperature dependence. Our results unambiguously isolate the out-of-equilibrium turnover regime and highlight that the competition between dissipation and fluctuations profoundly shapes activation dynamics also beyond equilibrium. |
| title | Nonequilibrium Kramers Turnover in a Kerr Parametric Oscillator |
| topic | Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics Statistical Mechanics Classical Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.19527 |