Unraveling Chemical Enrichment in Extreme Emission-Line Galaxies: A Multi-Element Bayesian View of Bursty Star Formation and Galaxy Evolution in DESI
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2026
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| author | Emami, Razieh Trussler, James A. A. Hsiao, Tiger Yu-Yang Brauer, Kaley Hernquist, Lars Smith, Randall Finkbeiner, Douglas Sun, Fengwu Davies, Rebecca Steiner, James F. Vogelsberger, Mark Looser, Tobias Tremblay, Grant Bugiani, Letizia |
| author_facet | Emami, Razieh Trussler, James A. A. Hsiao, Tiger Yu-Yang Brauer, Kaley Hernquist, Lars Smith, Randall Finkbeiner, Douglas Sun, Fengwu Davies, Rebecca Steiner, James F. Vogelsberger, Mark Looser, Tobias Tremblay, Grant Bugiani, Letizia |
| contents | Extreme emission-line galaxies (EELGs) probe chemical enrichment in low-mass, bursty systems where star formation, feedback, and gas accretion are poorly constrained. Using DESI DR1, we select 23 nearby EELGs with detections of 19 ionic species (S/N $\geq$ 4), stellar masses $ M_* \geq 10^7 M_{\odot}$, and extreme H$α$ and [O III] 5007 equivalent widths (EW $\geq$ 500 Angstrom). We infer non-parametric star-formation histories and fit a Bayesian single-zone chemical-evolution model to O, N, Ne, S, and Ar, allowing time-dependent star-formation efficiency, outflow mass loading, and evolving inflow metallicity. We find short depletion timescales and large mass-loading factors, indicating rapid gas cycling in a burst-driven, non-equilibrium regime, with depletion times below Kennicutt-Schmidt expectations. Star-formation efficiency and outflows are well constrained, while inflow metallicity is weaker due to degeneracies with metal production. Abundance ratios isolate physical drivers: star-formation efficiency sets evolutionary tracks, outflows regulate metal retention and X/O normalization, and inflow metallicity sets baseline enrichment. N/O strongly constrains burst timing and gas flows, Ne/O remains nearly invariant, and S/O and Ar/O show intermediate sensitivity. These results demonstrate that multi-element abundances provide a direct probe of baryon-cycle processes in extreme low-mass starbursts. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_20060 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Unraveling Chemical Enrichment in Extreme Emission-Line Galaxies: A Multi-Element Bayesian View of Bursty Star Formation and Galaxy Evolution in DESI Emami, Razieh Trussler, James A. A. Hsiao, Tiger Yu-Yang Brauer, Kaley Hernquist, Lars Smith, Randall Finkbeiner, Douglas Sun, Fengwu Davies, Rebecca Steiner, James F. Vogelsberger, Mark Looser, Tobias Tremblay, Grant Bugiani, Letizia Astrophysics of Galaxies Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics Solar and Stellar Astrophysics High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Extreme emission-line galaxies (EELGs) probe chemical enrichment in low-mass, bursty systems where star formation, feedback, and gas accretion are poorly constrained. Using DESI DR1, we select 23 nearby EELGs with detections of 19 ionic species (S/N $\geq$ 4), stellar masses $ M_* \geq 10^7 M_{\odot}$, and extreme H$α$ and [O III] 5007 equivalent widths (EW $\geq$ 500 Angstrom). We infer non-parametric star-formation histories and fit a Bayesian single-zone chemical-evolution model to O, N, Ne, S, and Ar, allowing time-dependent star-formation efficiency, outflow mass loading, and evolving inflow metallicity. We find short depletion timescales and large mass-loading factors, indicating rapid gas cycling in a burst-driven, non-equilibrium regime, with depletion times below Kennicutt-Schmidt expectations. Star-formation efficiency and outflows are well constrained, while inflow metallicity is weaker due to degeneracies with metal production. Abundance ratios isolate physical drivers: star-formation efficiency sets evolutionary tracks, outflows regulate metal retention and X/O normalization, and inflow metallicity sets baseline enrichment. N/O strongly constrains burst timing and gas flows, Ne/O remains nearly invariant, and S/O and Ar/O show intermediate sensitivity. These results demonstrate that multi-element abundances provide a direct probe of baryon-cycle processes in extreme low-mass starbursts. |
| title | Unraveling Chemical Enrichment in Extreme Emission-Line Galaxies: A Multi-Element Bayesian View of Bursty Star Formation and Galaxy Evolution in DESI |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics Solar and Stellar Astrophysics High Energy Physics - Phenomenology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.20060 |