Zero-Inflated Logistic Regression Models with Shared Design: Identifiability, Existence of Estimates, and a Relabeling Rule
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| author | Tomo, Yui Eguchi, Shinto Yoneoka, Daisuke |
| author_facet | Tomo, Yui Eguchi, Shinto Yoneoka, Daisuke |
| contents | The zero-inflated logistic regression model accommodates binary responses with excess zeros, which often arise from a latent mixture of susceptible and insusceptible subpopulations or asymmetric misclassification of the response. The model has two components: regression for the binary response and a latent binary indicator for the zero-inflation state. In applied settings, it is common to use the same design matrix for both components if there is no prior knowledge. However, this shared-design specification lacks guaranteed identifiability of the regression parameters, as established in prior works. This paper investigates the theoretical properties of the zero-inflated logistic regression model under the shared-design setting and computational methods for applications. First, to motivate the use of the zero-inflated model, we prove that ignoring the zero-inflation mechanism can lead to a sign flip in the pseudo-true coefficient value relative to the true value. We then establish sufficient conditions for the existence of the maximum likelihood estimate. As a main result, we establish that the model under the shared-design setting is identifiable up to exchange symmetry of the parameters for two components and that the expected log-likelihood has a unique maximizer on the resulting quotient space. The posterior bimodality is examined using a Pólya-Gamma Gibbs sampler with replica exchange. Finally, we propose a simple relabeling rule to select a single ordered parameter pair, and evaluate its performance through simulation studies and an application to self-reported diabetes data. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_20322 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Zero-Inflated Logistic Regression Models with Shared Design: Identifiability, Existence of Estimates, and a Relabeling Rule Tomo, Yui Eguchi, Shinto Yoneoka, Daisuke Methodology The zero-inflated logistic regression model accommodates binary responses with excess zeros, which often arise from a latent mixture of susceptible and insusceptible subpopulations or asymmetric misclassification of the response. The model has two components: regression for the binary response and a latent binary indicator for the zero-inflation state. In applied settings, it is common to use the same design matrix for both components if there is no prior knowledge. However, this shared-design specification lacks guaranteed identifiability of the regression parameters, as established in prior works. This paper investigates the theoretical properties of the zero-inflated logistic regression model under the shared-design setting and computational methods for applications. First, to motivate the use of the zero-inflated model, we prove that ignoring the zero-inflation mechanism can lead to a sign flip in the pseudo-true coefficient value relative to the true value. We then establish sufficient conditions for the existence of the maximum likelihood estimate. As a main result, we establish that the model under the shared-design setting is identifiable up to exchange symmetry of the parameters for two components and that the expected log-likelihood has a unique maximizer on the resulting quotient space. The posterior bimodality is examined using a Pólya-Gamma Gibbs sampler with replica exchange. Finally, we propose a simple relabeling rule to select a single ordered parameter pair, and evaluate its performance through simulation studies and an application to self-reported diabetes data. |
| title | Zero-Inflated Logistic Regression Models with Shared Design: Identifiability, Existence of Estimates, and a Relabeling Rule |
| topic | Methodology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.20322 |