Stochastic Krylov Dynamics: Revisiting Operator Growth in Open Quantum Systems
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| author | Bhattacharyya, Arpan Haque, S. Shajidul Murugan, Jeff Tladi, Mpho Van Zyl, Hendrik J. R. |
| author_facet | Bhattacharyya, Arpan Haque, S. Shajidul Murugan, Jeff Tladi, Mpho Van Zyl, Hendrik J. R. |
| contents | In closed quantum systems, Krylov complexity admits a geometric description; operator growth is equivalent to Hamiltonian flow in an emergent phase space whose structure is fixed by the Lanczos coefficients. We show that this picture survives, albeit in a fundamentally altered form, once the system is coupled to an environment.Using a Schwinger-Keldysh formulation of the full counting statistics of the Krylov position, we derive an effective action for operator growth under Lindblad dynamics. Even for the minimal case of dephasing, the phase-space dynamics ceases to be Hamiltonian; environmental coupling generates diffusion in the variable conjugate to Krylov depth, converting deterministic trajectories in to stochastic ones. The hyperbolic mechanism underlying exponential complexity growth is therefore broadened and, beyond a parametrically controlled scale, destroyed.This identifies dissipation as a relevant perturbation of the chaotic Krylov fixed point and reveals operator growth in open systems as a problem of stochastic dynamics in an emergent phase space. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_20619 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Stochastic Krylov Dynamics: Revisiting Operator Growth in Open Quantum Systems Bhattacharyya, Arpan Haque, S. Shajidul Murugan, Jeff Tladi, Mpho Van Zyl, Hendrik J. R. High Energy Physics - Theory Statistical Mechanics Quantum Physics In closed quantum systems, Krylov complexity admits a geometric description; operator growth is equivalent to Hamiltonian flow in an emergent phase space whose structure is fixed by the Lanczos coefficients. We show that this picture survives, albeit in a fundamentally altered form, once the system is coupled to an environment.Using a Schwinger-Keldysh formulation of the full counting statistics of the Krylov position, we derive an effective action for operator growth under Lindblad dynamics. Even for the minimal case of dephasing, the phase-space dynamics ceases to be Hamiltonian; environmental coupling generates diffusion in the variable conjugate to Krylov depth, converting deterministic trajectories in to stochastic ones. The hyperbolic mechanism underlying exponential complexity growth is therefore broadened and, beyond a parametrically controlled scale, destroyed.This identifies dissipation as a relevant perturbation of the chaotic Krylov fixed point and reveals operator growth in open systems as a problem of stochastic dynamics in an emergent phase space. |
| title | Stochastic Krylov Dynamics: Revisiting Operator Growth in Open Quantum Systems |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Theory Statistical Mechanics Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.20619 |