Toward nanophotonic platforms for solid-state $^{229}$Th nuclear clocks
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arXiv
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| Autori principali: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Natura: | Preprint |
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2026
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| author | Kraemer, Sandro Mamian, Karen Bi, Toby Fujii, Shun de Haan, Jan Babu, Harshith Claessens, Arno Garcia, Rafael Ferrer Ivandikov, Fedor Van Duppen, Piet Dragoun, Andreas Düllmann, Christoph E. Marquardt, Christoph Wahl, Ulrich Kuyken, Bart Schumm, Thorsten Del'Haye, Pascal Pereira, Lino M. C. Kazakov, Georgy A. Van Gasse, Kasper Roques-Carmes, Charles |
| author_facet | Kraemer, Sandro Mamian, Karen Bi, Toby Fujii, Shun de Haan, Jan Babu, Harshith Claessens, Arno Garcia, Rafael Ferrer Ivandikov, Fedor Van Duppen, Piet Dragoun, Andreas Düllmann, Christoph E. Marquardt, Christoph Wahl, Ulrich Kuyken, Bart Schumm, Thorsten Del'Haye, Pascal Pereira, Lino M. C. Kazakov, Georgy A. Van Gasse, Kasper Roques-Carmes, Charles |
| contents | While the $^{229}$Th nuclear isomer has recently been observed and laser-excited, converting optical nuclear manipulation into a chip-scale solid-state frequency standard remains an open challenge. Here, we present a nanophotonic platform to realize an all-solid-state nuclear clock based on the low-energy isomeric transition of $^{229}$Th embedded in high-$Q$ fluoride photonic resonators. By coupling ensembles of thorium nuclei to confined optical modes, we show that resonant field build-up in the cavity can substantially enhance the nuclear excitation rate, enabling optical interrogation at practical laser intensities. We model the nuclei-photon interaction dynamics and outline a technological roadmap toward addressing this challenge, including resonator fabrication in fluoride crystals, thorium implantation, nuclear excitation with integrated lasers, and on-chip detection of vacuum-ultraviolet photons. As an initial proof of concept, we implant a crystalline fluoride whispering-gallery-mode resonator with $^{229}$Th and assess the impact of implantation-induced damage on resonator performance. Our platform leverages recent advances in materials integration and nanophotonics to chart a realistic route toward compact and scalable nuclear frequency standards. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_20687 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Toward nanophotonic platforms for solid-state $^{229}$Th nuclear clocks Kraemer, Sandro Mamian, Karen Bi, Toby Fujii, Shun de Haan, Jan Babu, Harshith Claessens, Arno Garcia, Rafael Ferrer Ivandikov, Fedor Van Duppen, Piet Dragoun, Andreas Düllmann, Christoph E. Marquardt, Christoph Wahl, Ulrich Kuyken, Bart Schumm, Thorsten Del'Haye, Pascal Pereira, Lino M. C. Kazakov, Georgy A. Van Gasse, Kasper Roques-Carmes, Charles Optics Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics Nuclear Experiment Atomic Physics Quantum Physics While the $^{229}$Th nuclear isomer has recently been observed and laser-excited, converting optical nuclear manipulation into a chip-scale solid-state frequency standard remains an open challenge. Here, we present a nanophotonic platform to realize an all-solid-state nuclear clock based on the low-energy isomeric transition of $^{229}$Th embedded in high-$Q$ fluoride photonic resonators. By coupling ensembles of thorium nuclei to confined optical modes, we show that resonant field build-up in the cavity can substantially enhance the nuclear excitation rate, enabling optical interrogation at practical laser intensities. We model the nuclei-photon interaction dynamics and outline a technological roadmap toward addressing this challenge, including resonator fabrication in fluoride crystals, thorium implantation, nuclear excitation with integrated lasers, and on-chip detection of vacuum-ultraviolet photons. As an initial proof of concept, we implant a crystalline fluoride whispering-gallery-mode resonator with $^{229}$Th and assess the impact of implantation-induced damage on resonator performance. Our platform leverages recent advances in materials integration and nanophotonics to chart a realistic route toward compact and scalable nuclear frequency standards. |
| title | Toward nanophotonic platforms for solid-state $^{229}$Th nuclear clocks |
| topic | Optics Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics Nuclear Experiment Atomic Physics Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.20687 |