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Main Author: Frey, Douglas R.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.20979
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author Frey, Douglas R.
author_facet Frey, Douglas R.
contents This paper presents a unifying theory of Linear second order systems that allows time-varying and time invariant systems to be treated in the same way for the first time. In the process, a transformation is given that diagonalizes an arbitrary time varying state matrix in a spectrum invariant way. A canonical form for the fundamental matrix is given that depends on dynamic eigenvalues and related eigenvectors dependent upon the Riccati Characteristic Equation for the system, which intuitively generalizes the standard characteristic equation for time invariant systems. The technique is shown by examples to give a unified approach to the solutions of time invariant, time-varying, and periodic systems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_20979
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Complete Approach to Time Varying Linear Systems
Frey, Douglas R.
Systems and Control
This paper presents a unifying theory of Linear second order systems that allows time-varying and time invariant systems to be treated in the same way for the first time. In the process, a transformation is given that diagonalizes an arbitrary time varying state matrix in a spectrum invariant way. A canonical form for the fundamental matrix is given that depends on dynamic eigenvalues and related eigenvectors dependent upon the Riccati Characteristic Equation for the system, which intuitively generalizes the standard characteristic equation for time invariant systems. The technique is shown by examples to give a unified approach to the solutions of time invariant, time-varying, and periodic systems.
title A Complete Approach to Time Varying Linear Systems
topic Systems and Control
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.20979