Prefix Parsing is Just Parsing

Fuente: arXiv
Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Pasti, Clemente, Opedal, Andreas, O'Donnell, Timothy J., Cotterell, Ryan, Vieira, Tim
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1866917453950353408
author Pasti, Clemente
Opedal, Andreas
O'Donnell, Timothy J.
Cotterell, Ryan
Vieira, Tim
author_facet Pasti, Clemente
Opedal, Andreas
O'Donnell, Timothy J.
Cotterell, Ryan
Vieira, Tim
contents Prefix parsing asks whether an input prefix can be extended to a complete string generated by a given grammar. In the weighted setting, it also provides prefix probabilities, which are central to context-free language modeling, psycholinguistic analysis, and syntactically constrained generation from large language models. We introduce the prefix grammar transformation, an efficient reduction of prefix parsing to ordinary parsing. Given a grammar, our method constructs another grammar that generates exactly the prefixes of its original strings. Prefix parsing is then solved by applying any ordinary parsing algorithm on the transformed grammar without modification. The reduction is both elegant and practical: the transformed grammar is only a small factor larger than the input, and any optimized implementation can be used directly, eliminating the need for bespoke prefix-parsing algorithms. We also present a strategy-based on algorithmic differentiation-for computing the next-token weight vector, i.e., the prefix weights of all one-token extensions, enabling efficient prediction of the next token. Together, these contributions yield a simple, general, and efficient framework for prefix parsing.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_21191
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Prefix Parsing is Just Parsing
Pasti, Clemente
Opedal, Andreas
O'Donnell, Timothy J.
Cotterell, Ryan
Vieira, Tim
Computation and Language
Formal Languages and Automata Theory
Prefix parsing asks whether an input prefix can be extended to a complete string generated by a given grammar. In the weighted setting, it also provides prefix probabilities, which are central to context-free language modeling, psycholinguistic analysis, and syntactically constrained generation from large language models. We introduce the prefix grammar transformation, an efficient reduction of prefix parsing to ordinary parsing. Given a grammar, our method constructs another grammar that generates exactly the prefixes of its original strings. Prefix parsing is then solved by applying any ordinary parsing algorithm on the transformed grammar without modification. The reduction is both elegant and practical: the transformed grammar is only a small factor larger than the input, and any optimized implementation can be used directly, eliminating the need for bespoke prefix-parsing algorithms. We also present a strategy-based on algorithmic differentiation-for computing the next-token weight vector, i.e., the prefix weights of all one-token extensions, enabling efficient prediction of the next token. Together, these contributions yield a simple, general, and efficient framework for prefix parsing.
title Prefix Parsing is Just Parsing
topic Computation and Language
Formal Languages and Automata Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.21191