Electrically switchable vacancy state revealed by in-operando positron experiments

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Fulop, Ric, Lyons IV, Laurence, Nick, Robert, Weber, Marc H., Liu, Ming, Atikian, Haig, Bauer, Uwe, Barbati, Alexander C., Gershenfeld, Neil
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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_version_ 1866913056675594240
author Fulop, Ric
Lyons IV, Laurence
Nick, Robert
Weber, Marc H.
Liu, Ming
Atikian, Haig
Bauer, Uwe
Barbati, Alexander C.
Gershenfeld, Neil
author_facet Fulop, Ric
Lyons IV, Laurence
Nick, Robert
Weber, Marc H.
Liu, Ming
Atikian, Haig
Bauer, Uwe
Barbati, Alexander C.
Gershenfeld, Neil
contents Whether the flash state in electrically driven solids involves non-equilibrium defect production or is accounted for by Joule heating alone has been debated since 2010. Using positron annihilation spectroscopy on copper, we observe a fully reversible, electrically switchable vacancy population: the DBS S-parameter rises above baseline whenever applied current exceeds a critical density and returns on current removal. Positron lifetime spectroscopy independently confirms open-volume defect formation and reveals a void to cluster relaxation hierarchy. The current-induced vacancy concentration exceeds the thermal-equilibrium value at 352C by > 106x, is present only while current is applied, and vanishes within minutes. The nucleation rate scales steeply with the applied current, connecting the minute-scale kinetics resolved here to the sub-second flash events observed in ceramic sintering. These results demonstrate current-induced Frenkel-pair production in a metal and identify a defect-mediated, non-equilibrium contribution to the flash state.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_21283
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Electrically switchable vacancy state revealed by in-operando positron experiments
Fulop, Ric
Lyons IV, Laurence
Nick, Robert
Weber, Marc H.
Liu, Ming
Atikian, Haig
Bauer, Uwe
Barbati, Alexander C.
Gershenfeld, Neil
Materials Science
Applied Physics
Whether the flash state in electrically driven solids involves non-equilibrium defect production or is accounted for by Joule heating alone has been debated since 2010. Using positron annihilation spectroscopy on copper, we observe a fully reversible, electrically switchable vacancy population: the DBS S-parameter rises above baseline whenever applied current exceeds a critical density and returns on current removal. Positron lifetime spectroscopy independently confirms open-volume defect formation and reveals a void to cluster relaxation hierarchy. The current-induced vacancy concentration exceeds the thermal-equilibrium value at 352C by > 106x, is present only while current is applied, and vanishes within minutes. The nucleation rate scales steeply with the applied current, connecting the minute-scale kinetics resolved here to the sub-second flash events observed in ceramic sintering. These results demonstrate current-induced Frenkel-pair production in a metal and identify a defect-mediated, non-equilibrium contribution to the flash state.
title Electrically switchable vacancy state revealed by in-operando positron experiments
topic Materials Science
Applied Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.21283