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Main Authors: Jiang, Wei, Wang, Wei
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.21335
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author Jiang, Wei
Wang, Wei
author_facet Jiang, Wei
Wang, Wei
contents Sub-token routing provides a finer compression axis for transformer efficiency than the coarse units used in most prior work, such as tokens, pages, heads, or layers. In this paper, we study routing within a token representation itself in LoRA-adapted transformers. We consider two settings. In the query-independent setting, we combine routed subspace LoRA with value-group routing on the KV path for compression-aware language modeling. In the query-aware setting, we use a predictor-based selector to allocate a global retention budget over context-token/value-group pairs using query-conditioned relevance. Experiments show that the query-independent design improves language-model quality under reduced KV budgets, while the query-aware design preserves downstream behavior well under KV compression. We further show that sub-token routing is most effective as a complementary compression axis to token-level query-aware selection: token-level methods decide which tokens survive globally, while sub-token routing determines how the surviving tokens are compressed internally. Their combination enables deeper KV compression at nearly unchanged task accuracy.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_21335
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Sub-Token Routing in LoRA for Adaptation and Query-Aware KV Compression
Jiang, Wei
Wang, Wei
Machine Learning
Computation and Language
68W99, 68W40
Sub-token routing provides a finer compression axis for transformer efficiency than the coarse units used in most prior work, such as tokens, pages, heads, or layers. In this paper, we study routing within a token representation itself in LoRA-adapted transformers. We consider two settings. In the query-independent setting, we combine routed subspace LoRA with value-group routing on the KV path for compression-aware language modeling. In the query-aware setting, we use a predictor-based selector to allocate a global retention budget over context-token/value-group pairs using query-conditioned relevance. Experiments show that the query-independent design improves language-model quality under reduced KV budgets, while the query-aware design preserves downstream behavior well under KV compression. We further show that sub-token routing is most effective as a complementary compression axis to token-level query-aware selection: token-level methods decide which tokens survive globally, while sub-token routing determines how the surviving tokens are compressed internally. Their combination enables deeper KV compression at nearly unchanged task accuracy.
title Sub-Token Routing in LoRA for Adaptation and Query-Aware KV Compression
topic Machine Learning
Computation and Language
68W99, 68W40
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.21335