A single algorithm for both restless and rested rotting bandits

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Seznec, Julien, Ménard, Pierre, Lazaric, Alessandro, Valko, Michal
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Seznec, Julien
Ménard, Pierre
Lazaric, Alessandro
Valko, Michal
author_facet Seznec, Julien
Ménard, Pierre
Lazaric, Alessandro
Valko, Michal
contents In many application domains (e.g., recommender systems, intelligent tutoring systems), the rewards associated to the actions tend to decrease over time. This decay is either caused by the actions executed in the past (e.g., a user may get bored when songs of the same genre are recommended over and over) or by an external factor (e.g., content becomes outdated). These two situations can be modeled as specific instances of the rested and restless bandit settings, where arms are rotting (i.e., their value decrease over time). These problems were thought to be significantly different, since Levine et al. (2017) showed that state-of-the-art algorithms for restless bandit perform poorly in the rested rotting setting. In this paper, we introduce a novel algorithm, Rotting Adaptive Window UCB (RAW-UCB), that achieves near-optimal regret in both rotting rested and restless bandit, without any prior knowledge of the setting (rested or restless) and the type of non-stationarity (e.g., piece-wise constant, bounded variation). This is in striking contrast with previous negative results showing that no algorithm can achieve similar results as soon as rewards are allowed to increase. We confirm our theoretical findings on a number of synthetic and dataset-based experiments.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_21432
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A single algorithm for both restless and rested rotting bandits
Seznec, Julien
Ménard, Pierre
Lazaric, Alessandro
Valko, Michal
Machine Learning
In many application domains (e.g., recommender systems, intelligent tutoring systems), the rewards associated to the actions tend to decrease over time. This decay is either caused by the actions executed in the past (e.g., a user may get bored when songs of the same genre are recommended over and over) or by an external factor (e.g., content becomes outdated). These two situations can be modeled as specific instances of the rested and restless bandit settings, where arms are rotting (i.e., their value decrease over time). These problems were thought to be significantly different, since Levine et al. (2017) showed that state-of-the-art algorithms for restless bandit perform poorly in the rested rotting setting. In this paper, we introduce a novel algorithm, Rotting Adaptive Window UCB (RAW-UCB), that achieves near-optimal regret in both rotting rested and restless bandit, without any prior knowledge of the setting (rested or restless) and the type of non-stationarity (e.g., piece-wise constant, bounded variation). This is in striking contrast with previous negative results showing that no algorithm can achieve similar results as soon as rewards are allowed to increase. We confirm our theoretical findings on a number of synthetic and dataset-based experiments.
title A single algorithm for both restless and rested rotting bandits
topic Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.21432