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| Autores principales: | , , |
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| Formato: | Preprint |
| Publicado: |
2026
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.21666 |
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| _version_ | 1866913057870970880 |
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| author | Chatterjee, Atrideb Maity, Barun Koushiki |
| author_facet | Chatterjee, Atrideb Maity, Barun Koushiki |
| contents | The 21-cm signal, one of the most promising probes of the high-redshift Universe, has traditionally been modelled without accounting for the effects of active galactic nuclei (AGN) in the pre-JWST era, primarily due to the lack of observational evidence for AGNs at z > 6. However, following the discovery of several AGNs at redshifts as high as z ~ 10 by JWST, it has become imperative to incorporate the impact of these early AGNs when predicting the 21-cm signal. Supposing that these AGNs are seeded by primordial black holes (PBHs), we study their impact with a semi-numerical model setup. Specifically, we extended the explicitly photon-conserving reionization framework, SCRIPT, including essential cosmic dawn physics and PBH contributions. This enables us to compute both the global signal and the power spectrum of the 21-cm line over the redshift range z ~ 30 - 5 within a self-consistent framework. Building on this setup, we then investigate the impact of different PBH mass functions (obeying current observational constraints) on the resulting signal. The X-ray heating from PBHs can substantially make the depth of the global 21-cm signal shallower and suppress the expected power amplitude during cosmic dawn. We also find that the choice of mass function plays a crucial role in shaping the 21-cm signal, and can, in fact, lead to significantly different predictions. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_21666 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Impact of Primordial Black Hole population on 21 cm observables at high redshift Chatterjee, Atrideb Maity, Barun Koushiki Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology The 21-cm signal, one of the most promising probes of the high-redshift Universe, has traditionally been modelled without accounting for the effects of active galactic nuclei (AGN) in the pre-JWST era, primarily due to the lack of observational evidence for AGNs at z > 6. However, following the discovery of several AGNs at redshifts as high as z ~ 10 by JWST, it has become imperative to incorporate the impact of these early AGNs when predicting the 21-cm signal. Supposing that these AGNs are seeded by primordial black holes (PBHs), we study their impact with a semi-numerical model setup. Specifically, we extended the explicitly photon-conserving reionization framework, SCRIPT, including essential cosmic dawn physics and PBH contributions. This enables us to compute both the global signal and the power spectrum of the 21-cm line over the redshift range z ~ 30 - 5 within a self-consistent framework. Building on this setup, we then investigate the impact of different PBH mass functions (obeying current observational constraints) on the resulting signal. The X-ray heating from PBHs can substantially make the depth of the global 21-cm signal shallower and suppress the expected power amplitude during cosmic dawn. We also find that the choice of mass function plays a crucial role in shaping the 21-cm signal, and can, in fact, lead to significantly different predictions. |
| title | Impact of Primordial Black Hole population on 21 cm observables at high redshift |
| topic | Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.21666 |