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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2026
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.21685 |
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| _version_ | 1866915952130523136 |
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| author | Romero, Isaac Ortega Zografopoulos, Ioannis |
| author_facet | Romero, Isaac Ortega Zografopoulos, Ioannis |
| contents | Power systems are increasingly vulnerable to high-impact, low-probability (HILP) events, including coordinated cyberattacks targeting inverter-based resources. Existing resilience frameworks rely on single-dimensional metrics that fail to capture cross-dimensional coupling effects, underestimating real system degradation under multi-vector attack conditions. This study proposes a Multidimensional Resilience Index (MDRI) that decomposes power system degradation into five interacting dimensions: physical, operational, digital-cyber, climatic, and regulatory, explicitly separating independent and coupled contributions via a calibrated multiplicative interaction term. The framework is validated on the IEEE 39-bus system under two attack scenarios derived from the December 2025 cyberattack on the Polish energy infrastructure. MDRI results show that multi-vector attacks produce degradation exceeding linear expectations by a factor of 5.6, with simultaneous dimensional failures contributing an additional 60.6% through endogenous coupling, and exogenous factors amplifying it by an additional 84%. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_21685 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Resilience Revisited: A Multidimensional Framework Derived from Realistic Attack Scenarios Romero, Isaac Ortega Zografopoulos, Ioannis Systems and Control Power systems are increasingly vulnerable to high-impact, low-probability (HILP) events, including coordinated cyberattacks targeting inverter-based resources. Existing resilience frameworks rely on single-dimensional metrics that fail to capture cross-dimensional coupling effects, underestimating real system degradation under multi-vector attack conditions. This study proposes a Multidimensional Resilience Index (MDRI) that decomposes power system degradation into five interacting dimensions: physical, operational, digital-cyber, climatic, and regulatory, explicitly separating independent and coupled contributions via a calibrated multiplicative interaction term. The framework is validated on the IEEE 39-bus system under two attack scenarios derived from the December 2025 cyberattack on the Polish energy infrastructure. MDRI results show that multi-vector attacks produce degradation exceeding linear expectations by a factor of 5.6, with simultaneous dimensional failures contributing an additional 60.6% through endogenous coupling, and exogenous factors amplifying it by an additional 84%. |
| title | Resilience Revisited: A Multidimensional Framework Derived from Realistic Attack Scenarios |
| topic | Systems and Control |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.21685 |