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Hauptverfasser: Hua, Etha Tianze, Yun, Tian, Pavlick, Ellie
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
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Online-Zugang:https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.22038
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author Hua, Etha Tianze
Yun, Tian
Pavlick, Ellie
author_facet Hua, Etha Tianze
Yun, Tian
Pavlick, Ellie
contents We define and investigate source-modality monitoring -- the ability of multimodal models to track and communicate the input source from which pieces of information originate. We consider source-modality monitoring as an instance of the more general binding problem, and evaluate the extent to which models exploit syntactic vs. semantic signals in order to bind words like image in a user-provided prompt to specific components of their input and context (i.e., actual images). Across experiments spanning 11 vision-language models (VLMs) performing target-modality information retrieval tasks, we find that both syntactic and semantic signals play an important role, but that the latter tend to outweigh the former in cases when modalities are highly distinct distributionally. We discuss the implications of these findings for model robustness, and in the context of increasingly multimodal agentic systems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_22038
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Source-Modality Monitoring in Vision-Language Models
Hua, Etha Tianze
Yun, Tian
Pavlick, Ellie
Computation and Language
We define and investigate source-modality monitoring -- the ability of multimodal models to track and communicate the input source from which pieces of information originate. We consider source-modality monitoring as an instance of the more general binding problem, and evaluate the extent to which models exploit syntactic vs. semantic signals in order to bind words like image in a user-provided prompt to specific components of their input and context (i.e., actual images). Across experiments spanning 11 vision-language models (VLMs) performing target-modality information retrieval tasks, we find that both syntactic and semantic signals play an important role, but that the latter tend to outweigh the former in cases when modalities are highly distinct distributionally. We discuss the implications of these findings for model robustness, and in the context of increasingly multimodal agentic systems.
title Source-Modality Monitoring in Vision-Language Models
topic Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.22038