Conservative and skew-symmetric forms of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in sigma-coordinates

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Jung, Jaeyoung, Giometto, Marco
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2026
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author Jung, Jaeyoung
Giometto, Marco
author_facet Jung, Jaeyoung
Giometto, Marco
contents This study derives conservative and skew-symmetric formulations of the incompressible flow equations in a terrain-following sigma-coordinate system that preserve key structural properties of the Cartesian formulation. Unlike conventional formulations based on the direct application of the sigma-transformation to Cartesian equations, in which metric-induced terms disrupt the intrinsic structure of the governing equations, the proposed formulations are designed to avoid these structural inconsistencies. A conservative form is derived in a manner consistent with general conservation laws, and its modified eigenstructure is analyzed relative to the Cartesian counterpart. A skew-symmetric formulation is then derived by introducing a new set of variables, yielding a form that is energy-conserving for the Euler equations and energy-bounded for the Navier-Stokes equations. Finally, we discuss characteristic-based boundary conditions to ensure energy boundedness of the system.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_22060
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Conservative and skew-symmetric forms of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in sigma-coordinates
Jung, Jaeyoung
Giometto, Marco
Fluid Dynamics
This study derives conservative and skew-symmetric formulations of the incompressible flow equations in a terrain-following sigma-coordinate system that preserve key structural properties of the Cartesian formulation. Unlike conventional formulations based on the direct application of the sigma-transformation to Cartesian equations, in which metric-induced terms disrupt the intrinsic structure of the governing equations, the proposed formulations are designed to avoid these structural inconsistencies. A conservative form is derived in a manner consistent with general conservation laws, and its modified eigenstructure is analyzed relative to the Cartesian counterpart. A skew-symmetric formulation is then derived by introducing a new set of variables, yielding a form that is energy-conserving for the Euler equations and energy-bounded for the Navier-Stokes equations. Finally, we discuss characteristic-based boundary conditions to ensure energy boundedness of the system.
title Conservative and skew-symmetric forms of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in sigma-coordinates
topic Fluid Dynamics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.22060