Zero-inflated modeling with smoothing on counting tensors
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| author | Tuzhilina, Elena Zhen, Yaoming |
| author_facet | Tuzhilina, Elena Zhen, Yaoming |
| contents | We propose a unified probabilistic framework for sparse count tensors with excess zeros, motivated by single-cell Hi-C data. The observed data are naturally represented as a three-way tensor indexed by genomic loci pairs and cells, exhibiting pronounced sparsity, zero inflation, and cell-to-cell heterogeneity. We introduce a zero-inflated Poisson tensor model that integrates low-rank CP structure, cluster-specific latent embeddings, and smoothness along ordered genomic loci, thereby jointly capturing multiway dependence, heterogeneity, and structured variation.
We develop a Bayes-optimal procedure for distinguishing structural from technical zeros, enabling principled inference and uncertainty quantification. We establish identifiability of the model parameters and derive consistency rates for the proposed estimators in a high-dimensional regime. Simulation studies and analyses of single-cell Hi-C data demonstrate improved performance in zero detection, latent structure recovery, and downstream tasks such as clustering and 3D chromatin organization inference.
The proposed framework provides a flexible approach for multiway count data with excess zeros and structured dependencies, and suggests several directions for future work, including mixture-based modeling of cell populations and scalable computation for large-scale applications. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_22088 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Zero-inflated modeling with smoothing on counting tensors Tuzhilina, Elena Zhen, Yaoming Methodology Applications We propose a unified probabilistic framework for sparse count tensors with excess zeros, motivated by single-cell Hi-C data. The observed data are naturally represented as a three-way tensor indexed by genomic loci pairs and cells, exhibiting pronounced sparsity, zero inflation, and cell-to-cell heterogeneity. We introduce a zero-inflated Poisson tensor model that integrates low-rank CP structure, cluster-specific latent embeddings, and smoothness along ordered genomic loci, thereby jointly capturing multiway dependence, heterogeneity, and structured variation. We develop a Bayes-optimal procedure for distinguishing structural from technical zeros, enabling principled inference and uncertainty quantification. We establish identifiability of the model parameters and derive consistency rates for the proposed estimators in a high-dimensional regime. Simulation studies and analyses of single-cell Hi-C data demonstrate improved performance in zero detection, latent structure recovery, and downstream tasks such as clustering and 3D chromatin organization inference. The proposed framework provides a flexible approach for multiway count data with excess zeros and structured dependencies, and suggests several directions for future work, including mixture-based modeling of cell populations and scalable computation for large-scale applications. |
| title | Zero-inflated modeling with smoothing on counting tensors |
| topic | Methodology Applications |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.22088 |