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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Xu, Ziyun, Wang, Hao, Sun, Meng
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.22210
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author Xu, Ziyun
Wang, Hao
Sun, Meng
author_facet Xu, Ziyun
Wang, Hao
Sun, Meng
contents Parallel execution has become a key approach to improving blockchain scalability, but the lack of formal semantics for smart contract languages in such settings makes rigorous reasoning difficult. Crystality is a smart contract language designed for parallel EVMs, supporting scoped state and asynchronous relay across execution engines. This paper introduces a compositional operational semantics for Crystality. Unlike the original monolithic semantics, the new semantics decomposes the system into engine components and a global component, making the structure of parallel execution explicit. The compositional formulation enables simple proofs of key structural properties, including locality, global isolation, and strong commutativity of independent local steps. Furthermore, we prove that the compositional semantics is semantically equivalent to the original one via a transaction-level bisimulation theorem based on encoding and decoding functions between configurations, and two code-level bisimulation theorems for local and global execution.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_22210
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle From Monolithic to Compositional: A Compositional Operational Semantics for Crystality
Xu, Ziyun
Wang, Hao
Sun, Meng
Programming Languages
Parallel execution has become a key approach to improving blockchain scalability, but the lack of formal semantics for smart contract languages in such settings makes rigorous reasoning difficult. Crystality is a smart contract language designed for parallel EVMs, supporting scoped state and asynchronous relay across execution engines. This paper introduces a compositional operational semantics for Crystality. Unlike the original monolithic semantics, the new semantics decomposes the system into engine components and a global component, making the structure of parallel execution explicit. The compositional formulation enables simple proofs of key structural properties, including locality, global isolation, and strong commutativity of independent local steps. Furthermore, we prove that the compositional semantics is semantically equivalent to the original one via a transaction-level bisimulation theorem based on encoding and decoding functions between configurations, and two code-level bisimulation theorems for local and global execution.
title From Monolithic to Compositional: A Compositional Operational Semantics for Crystality
topic Programming Languages
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.22210